Captivating nano sensors for mercury detection: a promising approach for monitoring of toxic mercury in environmental samples

Abstract

Mercury, a widespread highly toxic environmental pollutant, poses significant risks to both human health and ecosystems. It commonly infiltrates the food chain, particularly through fish, and water resources via multiple pathways, leading to adverse impacts on human health and the environment. To monitor and keep track of mercury ion levels various methods traditionally have been employed. However, conventional detection techniques are often hindered by limitations. In response to challenges, nano-sensors, capitalizing on the distinctive properties of nanomaterials, emerge as a promising solution. This comprehensive review provides insight into the extensive spectrum of nano-sensor development for mercury detection. It encompasses various types of nanomaterials such as silver, gold, silica, magnetic, quantum dot, carbon dot, and electrochemical variants, elucidating their sensing mechanisms and fabrication. The aim of this review is to offer an in-depth exploration to researchers, technologists, and the scientific community, and understanding of the evolving landscape in nano-sensor development for mercury sensing. Ultimately, this review aims to encourage innovation in the pursuit of efficient and reliable solutions for mercury detection, thereby contributing to advancements in environmental protection and public health.