Issue 38, 2023

Enhancing upconversion via constructing local energy clusters in lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles

Abstract

Upconversion (UC) nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention in many fields, such as super resolution nanoscopy and background-free bioimaging. UC efficiency is one of the most important parameters in these practical applications. However, enhancing the UC efficiency of core-only NPs synthesized in a single step, without the need for additional post-processing, has remained a great challenge. In this study, we propose an effective strategy for significantly enhancing the UC intensity by constructing local energy clusters within the lanthanide-doped fluoride NPs. By introducing local energy clusters within the NaGdF4 crystal lattice, the optimal Er3+, Ho3+ and Tm3+ doping concentrations were increased to 8 mol%, 8 mol%, and 2 mol%, respectively. The UC intensity of the 20Yb/8Er/20Ca:NaGdF4 NPs is approximately 54.3 times higher than that of typical 20Yb/2Er:NaGdF4 NPs, which is attributed to the increased energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Er3+ and the reduced energy loss caused by surface vibrations. Moreover, with the formation of energy clusters within the crystal lattice, the temperature-dependent UC intensity behavior shifted from a negative thermal quenching effect to a positive thermal quenching effect, which results in enhanced temperature sensing performance. The violet UC from Tm3+ activators was significantly enhanced through the energy clusters, which facilitates the noticeable inter-particle energy migration UC of Tb3+ ions. Overall, our study presents a novel approach to significantly enhance the optimal doping concentrations of lanthanide activators and the UC intensities of NPs. These findings open up exciting opportunities for the development of high-performance UCNPs with improved applications in various fields.

Graphical abstract: Enhancing upconversion via constructing local energy clusters in lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 jul 2023
Accepted
26 ago 2023
First published
29 ago 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023,11, 12915-12921

Enhancing upconversion via constructing local energy clusters in lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles

H. Yang, A. Zhang, H. Guo, D. Li, S. Xu and L. Lei, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 12915 DOI: 10.1039/D3TC02494F

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