Issue 4, 2023

A conformally bonded molecular interface retarded iodine migration for durable perovskite solar cells

Abstract

State-of-the-art n–i–p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from stability issues due to ionic interdiffusion. Herein, by enlarging the indacenodithiophene π-bridge donor (D′) to combine with the methoxy triphenylamine donor (D) and benzothiadiazole acceptor (A), three linear molecules termed L1, L2 and L3 with a D–A–D′–A–D structure are developed as dopant-free hole transport materials (HTMs). The π-bridge extension with active sites for coordination leverages the intramolecular dipole effect and intermolecular packing effect, resulting in a conformally bonded ultrathin interface with compact and uniform coverage (∼60 nm) to retard iodine migration and protect the buried perovskite. The unencapsulated L3-PSC (ITO/SnO2/perovskite/L3/MoO3/Au) achieved an impressive PCE of 22.61% (certified 21.79%, 0.0525 cm2). Ultrafast laser spectroscopy reveals that L-series molecules have a sequential reduction of photoexcited energy disorder to illustrate the structure–performance–stability relationship. L3-PSC maintains over 85% of the initial efficiency after 500 h at 85 °C maximum power point tracking (MPP) and enables the possibility of using small molecules to stabilize n–i–p PSCs.

Graphical abstract: A conformally bonded molecular interface retarded iodine migration for durable perovskite solar cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
03 nov 2022
Accepted
27 jan 2023
First published
01 fev 2023

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023,16, 1597-1609

A conformally bonded molecular interface retarded iodine migration for durable perovskite solar cells

L. Yuan, W. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, C. C. S. Chan, M. Qin, J. Qiu, K. Zhang, J. Huang, J. Wang, H. Luo, Z. Zhang, R. Chen, W. Liang, Q. Wei, K. S. Wong, X. Lu, N. Li, C. J. Brabec, L. Ding and K. Yan, Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 1597 DOI: 10.1039/D2EE03565K

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