Issue 8, 2016

Controls on metal exposure to aquatic organisms in urban streams

Abstract

Streams in urban ecosystems receive metal inputs primarily from stormwater runoff and wastewater effluent. The relative contribution of these metal sources to stream impairment is difficult to discern based on simple water characteristics and biological surveys. Stream impairment in these systems is often indicated by reduced abundance and diversity of aquatic insects, which tend to be more sensitive to chronic metal exposures. Metal species and controls on metal species in both the waterborne and dietborne exposure pathways to aquatic organisms are reviewed here. In addition, ecological changes that can control dietborne species are discussed. A main focus is on how organic matter from different anthropogenic sources may control both aqueous metal speciation as well as interaction with various inorganic or microbiological surfaces in streams. Most of the reviewed research focuses on Cu, Zn or Pb as those are the primary metals of concern in developed systems and Cu and Pb have unique and strong interactions with organic matter. Recommendations for further research are described in the context of exposure species, dynamics of exposure, stoichiometry, or advanced analytical tools, and regulatory implications are discussed.

Graphical abstract: Controls on metal exposure to aquatic organisms in urban streams

Article information

Article type
Critical Review
Submitted
10 mar 2016
Accepted
07 mai 2016
First published
09 mai 2016

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2016,18, 956-967

Controls on metal exposure to aquatic organisms in urban streams

K. Turpin-Nagel and T. M. Vadas, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2016, 18, 956 DOI: 10.1039/C6EM00151C

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