Issue 9, 2021

Status and prospect of in situ and operando characterization of solid-state batteries

Abstract

Electrification of the transportation sector relies on radical re-imagining of energy storage technologies to provide affordable, high energy density, durable and safe systems. Next generation energy storage systems will need to leverage high energy density anodes and high voltage cathodes to achieve the required performance metrics (longer vehicle range, long life, production costs, safety). Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are promising materials technology for achieving these metrics by enabling these electrode systems due to the underlying material properties of the solid electrolyte (viz. mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity). Electro-chemo-mechanical degradation in SSBs detrimentally impact the Coulombic efficiencies, capacity retention, durability and safety in SSBs restricting their practical implementation. Solid|solid interfaces in SSBs are hot-spots of dynamics that contribute to the degradation of SSBs. Characterizing and understanding the processes at the solid|solid interfaces in SSBs is crucial towards designing of resilient, durable, high energy density SSBs. This work provides a comprehensive and critical summary of the SSB characterization with a focus on in situ and operando studies. Additionally, perspectives on experimental design, emerging characterization techniques and data analysis methods are provided. This work provides a thorough analysis of current status of SSB characterization as well as highlights important avenues for future work.

Graphical abstract: Status and prospect of in situ and operando characterization of solid-state batteries

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
01 mar 2021
Accepted
22 jul 2021
First published
27 jul 2021

Energy Environ. Sci., 2021,14, 4672-4711

Author version available

Status and prospect of in situ and operando characterization of solid-state batteries

M. B. Dixit, J. Park, P. Kenesei, J. Almer and K. B. Hatzell, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 4672 DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00638J

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