Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects

Yu-Jie Guo, Ruo-Xi Jin, Min Fan, Wen-Peng Wang, Sen Xin, Li-Jun Wan and Yu-Guo Guo

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53, 7828
DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00415A

Understanding the structure and mechanism of Na+ diffusion in NASICON solid-state electrolytes and the effect of Sc- and Al/Y-substitution

Ivana Pivarníková, Stefan Seidlmayer, Martin Finsterbusch, Gerald Dück, Niina Jalarvo, Peter Müller-Buschbaum and Ralph Gilles

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 14353
DOI: 10.1039/D5TA00826C

NASICON-type Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 electrolytes: progress and perspectives for solid-state sodium metal batteries

Yuhuan Wang, Jilong Liu, Jianxiong Wang and Chunwen Sun

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2025
DOI: 10.1039/D5QI01082A

Dual thermal-stimulated self-adhesive mixed-phase interface to enable ultra-long cycle life of solid-state sodium metal batteries

Gaofeng Du, Shuhao Wang, Zhaoming Tong, Xinyu Ji, Xinqi Wei, Quanbin Zha, Tianyou Zhai and Huiqiao Li

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 3689
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE05140H

Built-in single-ion-conducting polymer bridges for superior ion transport enabling long-life and high-voltage lithium–metal batteries

Jiajun Gong, Qimin Peng, Shunshun Zhao, Taolue Wen, Haojie Xu, Weiting Ma, Zhicheng Yao, Yong Chen, Guoxiu Wang and Shimou Chen

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 5511
DOI: 10.1039/D5EE01338K

Intermediate phase induced in situ self-reconstruction of amorphous NASICON for long-life solid-state sodium metal batteries

Benben Wei, Shuo Huang, Xuan Wang, Min Liu, Can Huang, Ruoqing Liu and Hongyun Jin

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 831
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE01743A

Comprehensive understanding of the Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 solid-state electrolyte in advanced sodium metal batteries: a critical review

Xin Wang, Yameng Fan, Jiayang Li, Xinghan Li, Weijie Li, Jiazhao Wang and Wei Kong Pang

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 1096
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE04323E

Durable high voltage solid-state sodium batteries with Pseudocapacitive P2 layered oxide cathode

Baolong Liang, Yiwei Lv, Haoheng Wang, Bingbing Li, Si Zhao, Lituo Zheng, Yiyin Huang and Zhensheng Hong

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 73, 103804
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103804

Correlation between mechanical properties and ionic conductivity of polycrystalline sodium superionic conductors: A relative density-dominant relationship

Eric Jianfeng Cheng, Tao Yang, Yuanzhuo Liu, Linjiang Chai, Regina Garcia-Mendez, Eric Kazyak, Zhenyu Fu, Guoqiang Luo, Fei Chen, Ryoji Inada, Vlad Badilita, Huanan Duan, Ziyun Wang, Jiaqian Qin, Hao Li, Shin-ichi Orimo and Hidemi Kato

Materials Today Energy, 2024, 44, 101644
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2024.101644

Y, Zn-codoped LATP for high-ionic-conductivity solid ceramic electrolytes

Yuhang Yang, Jiling Song, Hongming Wu, Erxing Yang, Jiqiang Wu and Jianbing Guo

Journal of Rare Earths, 2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.07.016

P2-type Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.3Ti0.1O2 as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries: solid electrolyte versus liquid electrolyte

Shiyin Bai, Qing Ni, Shuaishuai Yang, Debao Fang, Jingxin He, Lai Chen, Yuefeng Su, Haibo Jin and Chengzhi Wang

J Mater Sci, 2025, 60, 8503
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-025-10977-5

Stabilizing sodium metal anodes by functional polymers

Jingmiao Jia, Bin Guo, Huawei Gao, Yanwei Zhao, Guojie Li, Aoxuan Wang and Chuntai Liu

Materials Today Energy, 2024, 45, 101664
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2024.101664

Ionic covalent organic frameworks-based electrolyte enables fast Na-ion diffusion towards quasi-solid-state sodium batteries

Tianxing Kang, Haoyuan Liu, Jian Cai, Xingyi Feng, Zhongqiu Tong, Hanbo Zou, Wei Yang, Junmin Nan and Shengzhou Chen

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 77, 104192
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104192

Intrinsically sodiophilic, mesoporous metal-free wetting layers based on inexpensive carbon black for sodium-metal batteries

J. Mark Weller, Henry H. Han, Evgueni Polikarpov, Keesung Han, Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan, Yilin Wang, Mark H. Engelhard, Keeyoung Jung, David M. Reed, Vincent L. Sprenkle and Guosheng Li

Nano Energy, 2024, 128, 109815
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109815

Interface engineering of sodium metal anode for all-solid-state sodium batteries

Xianjian Tang, Weibo Han, Yue Zhang and Shan Liu

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 623, 235397
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235397

Regulating the Interfacial Performance of All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using Lanthanum Substitution in a Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Solid Electrolyte

Shuaishuai Yang, Jiachen Liang, Jingxin He, Debao Fang, Yu Zhao, Yu Ding, Aining Yin, Yapeng Li, Chengzhi Wang, Jingbo Li and Haibo Jin

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2024, 7, 9863
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c01837

Interface issues and challenges for NASICON-based solid-state sodium-metal batteries

Le Xiang, Xiutao Li, Jin Xiao, Lingyun Zhu and Xiaowen Zhan

Advanced Powder Materials, 2024, 3, 100181
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2024.100181

Modification of NASICON electrolyte in solid sodium-ion batteries—A short review

Si-hao Wu, Hai-qing Yu, Chen-yang Hu, Yu Fu, Fu-liang Chen and Wei-jie Li

J. Cent. South Univ., 2024, 31, 4510
DOI: 10.1007/s11771-024-5847-5

3D aligned architectures for lithium batteries: Mechanism, design, and manufacture

Zhidong Huang, Yukui Cai, Shuxian Zhang, Rutao Wang, Xing Li and Zhanqiang Liu

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 103999
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103999

Wide-temperature solid-state sodium metal batteries using Na+ superionic conductor-type solid electrolytes

Debao Fang, Yali Li, Chengzhi Wang, Runqing Miao, Shuaishuai Yang, Yu Zhao, Yu Ding, Jingxin He, Lai Chen, Ning Li, Jingbo Li, Yuefeng Su and Haibo Jin

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 74, 103973
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103973

Multi-cation doped NASICON solid electrolytes with ITO interface layer for high performance all-solid-state sodium batteries

Huazhang Sun, Jing Yang, Yifan Yang, Ziman Weng, Jinghua Wu, Hongli Wan and Xiayin Yao

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 519, 164873
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.164873

Enhancing sodium ionic conductivity: An interface bridging strategy for Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid-state electrolyte

Xiaolong Xu, Zizheng Ai, Zhiliang Xiu, Yongliang Shao, Yongzhong Wu and Xiaopeng Hao

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 115, 116046
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.116046

Imaging the microstructure of lithium and sodium metal in anode-free solid-state batteries using electron backscatter diffraction

Till Fuchs, Till Ortmann, Juri Becker, Catherine G. Haslam, Maya Ziegler, Vipin Kumar Singh, Marcus Rohnke, Boris Mogwitz, Klaus Peppler, Linda F. Nazar, Jeff Sakamoto and Jürgen Janek

Nat. Mater., 2024, 23, 1678
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02006-8

Instantaneous Photonic Sintering Process for Scalable Fabrication of a 3D Garnet Electrolyte Scaffold for Solid-State Batteries

Kyeong Joon Kim, Kyung Seop Shin, Jung Hoon Choi, Junghun Han, Myung-Soo Park, Min Kyu Kim, Do Kyeong Lee, Eun Jeong Yi and Jin Ho Kim

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 726
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02861

Laser-enabled high-conductivity solid electrolytes boost performance of solid-state sodium metal batteries

Xiong Xiao, Shuaishuai Yang, Runqing Miao, Debao Fang, Yang Zhao, Changxiang Shao, Ying Wang, Chengzhi Wang, Jingbo Li, Yuefeng Su and Haibo Jin

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104397
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104397

In–Li Counter Electrodes in Solid‐State Batteries – A Comparative Approach on Kinetics, Microstructure, and Chemomechanics

Christoph D. Alt, Sören Keuntje, Inga L. Schneider, Johannes Westphal, Philip Minnmann, Janis K. Eckhardt, Klaus Peppler and Jürgen Janek

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202404055

Recent advances in doping Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NASICON) solid-state electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries

Syed Rizvi, Ibrahim Aladhyani, Yi Ding and Qifeng Zhang

Nano Energy, 2024, 129, 110009
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110009

Regulating a NaF‐Rich SEI Layer for Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries Using Trifunctional Halogenated Covalent Organic Framework Separators

Muhammad Ali, Hamid Hussain, Moazzam Ali, Samia Aman, Weiwei Yang, Zeeshan Ali, Lei Li, Yinzhu Jiang and Muhammad Yousaf

Advanced Science, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202503693

Regulating Interfacial Wettability for Fast Mass Transfer in Rechargeable Metal-Based Batteries

Ruijuan Shi, Shilong Jiao, Zirui Yang, Zhihui Bo, Junrong Jiao and Yong Zhao

ACS Nano, 2025, 19, 8462
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c17836

Imaging dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries using fluorescence tomography technology

Shuaishuai Yang, Na Li, Enyue Zhao, Chengzhi Wang, Jingxin He, Xiong Xiao, Debao Fang, Qing Ni, Xile Han, Xiaobin Xue, Lai Chen, Ning Li, Jingbo Li, Tuan Guo, Yuefeng Su and Haibo Jin

Sci. Adv., 2024, 10
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adr0676

Interface Engineering Strategies for Realizing Anode‐Free Sodium Batteries: A Review

Yulian Dong, Changfan Xu, Huaping Zhao, Lizhuang Chen, Weidong Shi, John Irvine and Yong Lei

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202500407

Structure designing, interface engineering, and application prospects for sodium‐ion inorganic solid electrolytes

Meng Wu, Hong Liu, Xiang Qi, Dabing Li, Chao Wang, Ce‐Wen Nan and Li‐Zhen Fan

InfoMat, 2024, 6
DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12606

Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries for Electric Vehicles: Critical Single Cell Level Assessment of Capacity and Lithium Necessity

Vishnu Surendran and Venkataraman Thangadurai

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 991
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03331

Mn Dopant Na3Zr2Si2PO12 with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity for Quasi-Solid-State Sodium–Metal Battery

Yuyao Zhang, Tianyi Gao, Jiameng Yu, Yining Zhang, Yue Zhang, Shaojie Chen, Ning Xue, Xinshui Zhang, Qiong Yuan, Luyao Wang and Wei Liu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 10722
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c21042

Simultaneously improving sodium ionic conductivity and dendrite behavior of NaSICON ceramics by grain-boundary modification

Limin Liu, Qianli Ma, Xiaoliang Zhou, Ziming Ding, Daniel Grüner, Christian Kübel and Frank Tietz

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 626, 235773
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235773

Multiscale Failure Mechanisms and Safety Assessment of Commercial Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Zhe Gao, Shuzhe Yang, Runqiao Chen, Yizheng Ding, Sheng Guo, Shuangfeng Zhan, Binghan Cui, Jianming Zheng, Tiefeng Liu, Hao Luo and Mi Lu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202507323

Improvement of Ambient Stability and Conductivity of Amorphous Li–La–Zr–O–F Solid Electrolyte through Diversified Utilization of LiF

Yi-Xiu Chen, Hoong-Zheng Slew, Tsung-Ying Yang, Eric D. Wachsman, Ichiro Takeuchi and Chuan-Pu Liu

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2025
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.5c01179

Phase-field determination of NaSICON materials in the quaternary system Na2O-P2O5-SiO2-ZrO2: II. Glass-ceramics and the phantom of excessive vacancy formation

Enkhtsetseg Dashjav, Marie-Theres Gerhards, Felix Klein, Daniel Grüner, Thomas C. Hansen, Jochen Rohrer, Karsten Albe, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing and Frank Tietz

Next Energy, 2024, 4, 100130
DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100130

Carbon-incorporated NaTi2(PO4)3 on carbon cloth as a binder-free anode material for high-performance aqueous sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

Peng Zhao, Xulin Yang, Qiancheng Liu, Jie Zhu, Sudong Yang, Lin Chen and Qian Zhang

J Porous Mater, 2024, 31, 1905
DOI: 10.1007/s10934-024-01650-4

Tape Casting of NASICON-Based Separators with High Conductivity for Na All-Solid-State Batteries

Melanie Rosen, Samir Mahioui, Christian Schwab, Gerald Dück and Martin Finsterbusch

Electrochem, 2025, 6, 5
DOI: 10.3390/electrochem6010005

Cellulose-Encapsulated Composite Electrolyte Design: Toward Chemically and Mechanically Enhanced Solid-Sodium Batteries

Shu Dong, Geng Xie, Shihong Xu, Xuehai Tan, Madhusudan Chaudhary, Yue Zhang, Runqi Wu, Fuwei Wen, Cagri Ayranci, Vladimir K. Michaelis, Amanda Quirk, Scott M. Rosendahl, Jian Liu, Michael D. Fleischauer and Lingzi Sang

ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 16285
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03910

Stack pressure-A critical strategy and challenge in performance optimization of solid state batteries

Jinsong Yu, Xin Sun, Xuesong Shen, Dejun Zhang, Zongfa Xie, Niancheng Guo and Yanan Wang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 76, 104134
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104134

The potential of solid‐state potassium‐ion batteries with polymer‐based electrolytes

Tianqi Wang, Qiyao Yu, Zongyou Li, Yanjun Gao, Hanjiao Huang, Chunwei Dong, Caizhen Yang, Shaokun Chong, Wei Wang and Jianguo Zhang

Carbon Energy, 2025, 7
DOI: 10.1002/cey2.670

Revolutionizing Implantable Technology: Biocompatible Supercapacitors as the Future of Power Sources

Nilesh R. Chodankar, Smita V. Karekar, Moein Safarkhani, Amar M. Patil, Pragati A. Shinde, Rohan B. Ambade, Jang‐Kyo Kim, Young‐Kyu Han, Yun‐Suk Huh, Amal al Ghaferi and Ebrahim Alhajri

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202406819

All-Solid-State Anode-Free Sodium Batteries: Challenges and Prospects

Alexander M. Skundin and Tatiana L. Kulova

Batteries, 2025, 11, 292
DOI: 10.3390/batteries11080292

Rare Earth Metal Ion‐Doped Halide Solid Electrolytes plus Ta5+ Substitution for Long Cycling All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Qixiang Jia, Zhujun Yao, Jiayuan Xiang, Juntao Shi, Yan Zhou, Jianhao Huang, Hongliang Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yefeng Yang and Jiangping Tu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202426053

Enhancement of Ionic Conductivity in NASICON‐Structured Li3(Zr,Ti)2(Si,Ge)2PO12: An Ab Initio Study

Jiaqi Wang, Weirong Huo, Zhiwei Peng, Zongqing Tian, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Zongwei Mei, Yinghua Niu and Weiqiang Lv

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2025, 9
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202401028

Advancing high-voltage cathodes for sodium-ion batteries: Challenges, material innovations and future directions

Jiaqi Ke and Laisuo Su

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 76, 104133
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104133

In‐Depth Understanding of Interfacial Na+ Behaviors in Sodium Metal Anode: Migration, Desolvation, and Deposition

Fei Huang, Peng Xu, Guozhao Fang and Shuquan Liang

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405310

Fast Charging and Low Temperature Capabilities of Sodium Solid-State Batteries Enabled by Thin NASICON Bilayer Architecture

Prem Wicram Jaschin, Christopher R. Tang and Eric D. Wachsman

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 2610
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00575

2024 roadmap for sustainable batteries

Magda Titirici, Patrik Johansson, Maria Crespo Ribadeneyra, Heather Au, Alessandro Innocenti, Stefano Passerini, Evi Petavratzi, Paul Lusty, Annika Ahlberg Tidblad, Andrew J Naylor, Reza Younesi, Yvonne A Chart, Jack Aspinall, Mauro Pasta, Joseba Orive, Lakshmipriya Musuvadhi Babulal, Marine Reynaud, Kenneth G Latham, Tomooki Hosaka, Shinichi Komaba, Jan Bitenc, Alexandre Ponrouch, Heng Zhang, Michel Armand, Robert Kerr, Patrick C Howlett, Maria Forsyth, John Brown, Alexis Grimaud, Marja Vilkman, Kamil Burak Dermenci, Seyedabolfazl Mousavihashemi, Maitane Berecibar, Jean E Marshall, Con Robert McElroy, Emma Kendrick, Tayeba Safdar, Chun Huang, Franco M Zanotto, Javier F Troncoso, Diana Zapata Dominguez, Mohammed Alabdali, Utkarsh Vijay, Alejandro A Franco, Sivaraj Pazhaniswamy, Patrick S Grant, Stiven López Guzman, Marcus Fehse, Montserrat Galceran and Néstor Antuñano

J. Phys. Energy, 2024, 6, 041502
DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad6bc0

Alleviating range anxiety: Solid-state batteries and extreme fast charging

Yajie Song, Xue Sun, Shuaifeng Lou, Fei Sun and Jiajun Wang

Progress in Materials Science, 2025, 147, 101339
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101339

High current and dendrite-tolerant NaF/ZnO coated Na3Zr2Si2PO12 electrolyte prepared by a facile spraying method

Wenxuan Wang, Haohao Sun, Shan Hu, Zelang Jian and Wen Chen

Solid State Ionics, 2024, 411, 116577
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2024.116577

Aliovalent cation substitution in Na3Zr2Si2PO12 for practical solid-state sodium metal batteries

Jingxin He, Shuaishuai Yang, Xiong Xiao, Debao Fang, Runqing Miao, Chengzhi Wang, Lai Chen, Ning Li, Jingbo Li, Yuefeng Su and Haibo Jin

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 104037
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104037

Building Stable Anodes for High‐Rate Na‐Metal Batteries

Xihao Wang, Jingyu Lu, Yehui Wu, Weiran Zheng, Hongqiang Zhang, Tiansheng Bai, Hongbin Liu, Deping Li and Lijie Ci

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311256