Enhanced electrochemical performance of NH4V4O10 in aqueous zinc-ion batteries via PVP intercalation and oxygen vacancy engineering

Abstract

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-modified NH₄V₄O₁₀ demonstrates superior electrochemical performance (432.3 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹; 91.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹) attributed to thermally-induced interlayer expansion and oxygen vacancy formation.