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Oxoporphyrinogens (OxPs) bind water molecules at pyrrolic NH and quinonoid carbonyl groups leading to visible colour changes due to variation in the π-electronic structure of OxPs. Introduction of hydrophilic substituents at two pyrrole NH groups improves sensitivity to H2O, and one OxP derivative is a colorimetric indicator of trace H2O (∼50 ppm) in THF.

Graphical abstract: Colorimetric detection of trace water in tetrahydrofuran using N,N′-substituted oxoporphyrinogens

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