Without a dense HTL, trace amounts of moisture/oxygen ingress can catalyze a reaction with the ITO that can cause rapid destabilization of the perovskite layer.
Within this paper, the roles of MeO-2PACz in improving device performance were investigated. Afterwards, the NiOx prepared at low temperature is introduced to improve the coverage of SAM, further optimizing the energy level alignment and passivating defects.
The pyridine-based Co-SAM molecule 4-PAA was utilized to improve the surface coverage of MeO-2PACz and grain growth of perovskite films through hydrogen bonding.
Multifunctional BBOA in a Co-SAM layer simultaneously addresses interface coverage, defect passivation, and energy level alignment, leading to a high-performance PSC with a champion PCE of 25.08%.
The charge transport layers directly affect the shape, size, and preferred orientation of grains in polycrystalline perovskite films and can be associated directly with the performance and stability of the perovskite structures and the devices.