This review highlights green synthesis of isoquinolines via photocatalysis, microwave-assisted, metal-free, solvent-free methods, and recyclable catalysts, emphasizing atom economy, low toxicity, energy efficiency, and minimal waste.
A three-component reaction of cyclobutanone oxime esters, DABCO·(SO2)2 and N-alkyl-N-methacryloyl benzamides was developed for the generation of sulfonyl-containing isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-diones.
This review will be an essential toolbox for medicinal and bioorganic chemists seeking novel multifunctional hybrid and bioactive N-heterocycles for drug discovery. The work highlights the need for and relevance of unexplored bioisosterism employing isoquinoline-based small-molecules in drug design.
The indazole scaffold, with its planar, π-conjugated structure, enables extensive derivatization and tunable luminescence. This makes it ideal for sensing, bioimaging, and materials science, including applications like cell staining and drug development.
This review summarizes key advances from 2018 to 2025 that demonstrate how selectivity in carbonylation can be effectively controlled not by the inherent reactivity of the substrate, but by the catalytic system itself.