Issue 10, 2024

Wearable sweat chloride sensors: materials, fabrication and their applications

Abstract

Chloride is a crucial anion required for multiple functions in the human body including maintaining acid-base balance, fluid balance, electrical neutrality and supporting muscles and nerve cells. Low-chloride levels can cause nausea, diarrhoea, etc. Chloride levels are measured in different body fluids such as urine, serum, sweat and saliva. Sweat chloride measurements are used for multiple applications including disease diagnosis, sports monitoring, and geriatric care. For instance, a sweat chloride test is performed for cystic fibrosis screening. Further, sweat also offers continuous non-invasive access to body fluids for real-time monitoring of chloride that could be used for sports and geriatric care. This review focuses on wearable chloride sensors that are used for periodic and continuous chloride monitoring. The multiple sections in the paper discuss the clinical significance of chloride, detection methods, sensor fabrication methods and their application in cystic fibrosis screening, sports and geriatric care. Finally, the last section discusses the limitation of current sensors and future directions for wearable chloride sensors.

Graphical abstract: Wearable sweat chloride sensors: materials, fabrication and their applications

Article information

Article type
Critical Review
Submitted
08 nov 2023
Accepted
22 jan 2024
First published
08 feb 2024

Anal. Methods, 2024,16, 1439-1453

Wearable sweat chloride sensors: materials, fabrication and their applications

V. Patel, A. Mardolkar, A. Shelar, R. Tiwari and R. Srivastava, Anal. Methods, 2024, 16, 1439 DOI: 10.1039/D3AY01979A

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