Issue 7, 2024

Advancements in the stability, protection and lead-free strategies of perovskite solar cells: a critical review

Abstract

Lead toxicity is a challenge for the large-scale commercial production and the field implementation of photovoltaics. The fabrication of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is environmentally acceptable; researchers have investigated the unique perovskite materials that are non-toxic in nature. The recent advancements in PSCs with suitable bandgap energy, optical and electrical features and structural alterations, methods for manufacturing metal electrodes and their internal and external effects have been investigated. Moreover, the toxic lead causes various diseases due to lead spreading in the environment which has been minimized by encapsulation. Incorporation of heterovalent and isovalent materials to reduce lead toxicity and improve stability has been discussed, and encapsulation techniques to avoid deterioration and corrosion have also been discussed. This critical review addresses the stability issues and challenges of PSCs. The intention is to pique the interest of younger researchers already active in this rapidly emerging study area.

Graphical abstract: Advancements in the stability, protection and lead-free strategies of perovskite solar cells: a critical review

Article information

Article type
Critical Review
Submitted
28 des 2023
Accepted
21 mai 2024
First published
28 mai 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2024,3, 1004-1029

Advancements in the stability, protection and lead-free strategies of perovskite solar cells: a critical review

A. D. Khan, M. Mustajab, S. Moeen, M. Imran, M. Ikram, Q. Khan and M. Khan, Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2024, 3, 1004 DOI: 10.1039/D3VA00401E

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements