Issue 46, 2023

Production, surface modification, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and bioimaging applications of nanodiamonds

Abstract

Nanodiamonds (ND) are chemically inert and stable owing to their sp3 covalent bonding structure, but their surface sp2 graphitic carbons can be easily homogenized with diverse functional groups via oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, amination, and halogenation. Further surface conjugation of NDs with hydrophilic ligands can boost their colloidal stability and functionality. In addition, NDs are non-toxic as they are made of carbons. They exhibit stable fluorescence without photobleaching. They also possess paramagnetic and ferromagnetic properties, making them suitable for use as a new type of fluorescence imaging (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe. In this review, we focused on recently developed ND production methods, surface homogenization and functionalization methods, biocompatibilities, and biomedical imaging applications as FI and MRI probes. Finally, we discussed future perspectives.

Graphical abstract: Production, surface modification, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and bioimaging applications of nanodiamonds

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
08 okt 2023
Accepted
26 okt 2023
First published
03 nov 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2023,13, 32381-32397

Production, surface modification, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and bioimaging applications of nanodiamonds

T. Tegafaw, S. Liu, M. Y. Ahmad, A. K. Ali Al Saidi, D. Zhao, Y. Liu, H. Yue, S. Nam, Y. Chang and G. H. Lee, RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 32381 DOI: 10.1039/D3RA06837D

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