Issue 5, 2023

Recent advances in gold electrode fabrication for low-resource setting biosensing

Abstract

Gold electrodes are some of the most prevalent electrochemical biosensor substrate materials because they are readily functionalized with thiolated biomolecules. Yet, conventional methods to fabricate gold electrodes are costly and require onerous equipment, precluding them from implementation in low-resource settings (LRS). Recently, a number of alternative gold electrode fabrication methods have been developed to simplify and lower the cost of manufacturing. These methods include screen and inkjet printing as well as physical fabrication with common materials such as wire or gold leaf. All electrodes generated with these methods have successfully been functionalized with thiolated molecules, demonstrating their suitability for use in biosensors. Here, we detail recent advances in the fabrication, characterization and functionalization of these next-generation gold electrodes, with an emphasis on comparisons between cost and complexity with traditional cleanroom fabrication. We highlight gold leaf electrodes for their potential in LRS. This class of electrodes is anticipated to be broadly applicable beyond LRS due to their numerous inherent advantages.

Graphical abstract: Recent advances in gold electrode fabrication for low-resource setting biosensing

Article information

Article type
Perspective
Submitted
19 jun 2022
Accepted
28 aug 2022
First published
05 jan 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Lab Chip, 2023,23, 1410-1419

Recent advances in gold electrode fabrication for low-resource setting biosensing

M. Zamani, C. M. Klapperich and A. L. Furst, Lab Chip, 2023, 23, 1410 DOI: 10.1039/D2LC00552B

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