Issue 2, 2022

Determination of metallic nanoparticles in biological samples by single particle ICP-MS: a systematic review from sample collection to analysis

Abstract

A systematic review of the use of single particle ICP-MS to analyse engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in biological samples (plants, animals, body fluids) has highlighted that efforts have focused on a select few types of ENMs (e.g., Ag and TiO2) and there is a lack of information for some important tissues (e.g., reproductive organs, skin and fatty endocrine organs). The importance of sample storage is often overlooked but plays a critical role. Careful consideration of the ENM and matrix composition is required to select an appropriate protocol to liberate ENMs from a tissue whilst not promoting the transformation of them, or genesis of new particulates. A ‘one size fits all’ protocol, applicable to all possible types of ENM and biological matrices, does not seem practical. However, alkaline-based extractions would appear to show greater promise for wide applicability to animal tissues, although enzymatic approaches have a role, especially for plant tissues. There is a lack of consistency in metrics reported and how they are determined (e.g. size limit of detection, and proportions of recovery), making comparison between some studies more difficult. In order to establish standardised protocols for regulatory use, effort is needed to: develop certified reference materials, achieve international agree on nomenclature and the use of control samples, and to create a decision tree to help select the best sample preparation for the type of tissue matrix.

Graphical abstract: Determination of metallic nanoparticles in biological samples by single particle ICP-MS: a systematic review from sample collection to analysis

Article information

Article type
Critical Review
Submitted
26 jul 2021
Accepted
26 nov 2021
First published
13 jan 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2022,9, 420-453

Determination of metallic nanoparticles in biological samples by single particle ICP-MS: a systematic review from sample collection to analysis

A. Laycock, N. J. Clark, R. Clough, R. Smith and R. D. Handy, Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2022, 9, 420 DOI: 10.1039/D1EN00680K

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