Issue 46, 2021

3-Hydroxyflavone derivatives: promising scaffolds for fluorescent imaging in cells

Abstract

As a typical class of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules, 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives (3HF, also known as flavonols) have received much attention recently. Thereinto, the role of hydrophobic microenvironment is significant importance in promoting the process and effects of ESIPT, which can be regulated by the solvents, the existence of metal ions and proteins rich with α-helix structures or the advanced DNA structures. Considering that plenty of biological macromolecules offer cellular hydrophobic microenvironment, enhancing the ESIPT effects and resulting in dual emission, 3HF could be a promising scaffold for the development of fluorescent imaging in cells. Furthermore, as the widespread occurance of compounds with biological activity in plants, 3HF derivatives are much more secure to be cellular diagnosis and treatment integrated fluorescent probes. In this review, multiple regulatory strategies for the fluorescence emission of 3HF derivatives have been collectively and comprehensively analyzed, including the solvent effects, metal chelation, interaction with proteins or DNAs, which would be beneficial for ESIPT-promoting or ESIPT-blocking processes and then enhance or control the fluorescence emission of 3HF effectively. We expect that this review would provide a new perspective to develop novel 3HF-based fluorescent sensors for imaging in cells and plants.

Graphical abstract: 3-Hydroxyflavone derivatives: promising scaffolds for fluorescent imaging in cells

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
20 jun 2021
Accepted
21 aug 2021
First published
27 aug 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 28851-28862

3-Hydroxyflavone derivatives: promising scaffolds for fluorescent imaging in cells

X. Zhao, X. Li, S. Liang, X. Dong and Z. Zhang, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 28851 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA04767A

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