Ultrasmall Co2P2O7 nanocrystals anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

Although cobalt pyrophosphate (Co₂P₂O₇) has shown promise as a potential electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), its electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has rarely been explored. In this work, a novel composite catalyst with in situ grown Co₂P₂O₇ on nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (Co₂P₂O₇/N-rGO) was fabricated by a facile one-step pyrolysis method. Pyrolysis temperature was found to have a significant effect on the morphology, structure and ORR performance of the composites. The catalyst fabricated at 800 °C (Co₂P₂O₇/N-rGO-800) presented ultrasmall Co₂P₂O₇ nanocrystals (below 5 nm) anchored on N-rGO and the highest pyridinic-N proportion. Benefiting from the full exposure of active sites on the ultrasmall Co₂P₂O₇ nanocrystals, abundant pyridinic-N species and the synergistic effect of Co₂P₂O₇ and N-doped graphene, optimized Co₂P₂O₇/N-rGO-800 not only demonstrates excellent ORR catalytic activity with a positive cathodic peak potential (0.823 V vs. 0.833 V of the commercial Pt/C catalyst), but also shows superior durability and methanol crossover resistance to Pt/C in alkaline solution. In addition, the composite catalyst also exhibits reasonable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and impressive OER stability in KOH solution. These findings suggest that the Co₂P₂O₇/N-rGO catalysts may be promising candidates as oxygen electrocatalysts for future energy conversion applications.