Issue 6, 2019

Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications

Abstract

Nanomaterials have been exploited extensively to fabricate various biosensors for clinical diagnostics and food & environmental monitoring. These materials in conjugation with highly specific aptamers (next-gen antibody mimics) have enhanced the selectivity, sensitivity and rapidness of the developed aptasensors for numerous targets ranging from small molecules such as heavy metal ions to complex matrices containing large entities like cells. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in nanomaterial based aptasensors from the past five years also including the basics of conventionally used detection methodologies that paved the way for futuristic sensing techniques. The aptasensors have been categorised based upon these detection techniques and their modifications viz., colorimetric, fluorometric, Raman spectroscopy, electro-chemiluminescence, voltammetric, impedimetric and mechanical force-based sensing of a multitude of targets are discussed in detail. The bio-interaction of these numerous nanomaterials with the aptameric component and that of the complete aptasensor with the target have been studied in great depth. This review thus acts as a compendium for nanomaterial based aptasensors and their applications in the field of clinical and environmental diagnosis.

Graphical abstract: Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
11 mar 2019
Accepted
28 apr 2019
First published
29 apr 2019
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Nanoscale Adv., 2019,1, 2123-2138

Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications

H. Kaur and M. Shorie, Nanoscale Adv., 2019, 1, 2123 DOI: 10.1039/C9NA00153K

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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