Issue 6, 2018

Merrifield resin-assisted routes to second-generation catalysts for olefin metathesis

Abstract

Phosphine-scavenging resins can significantly facilitate the synthesis of highly active Ru metathesis catalysts, including the second-generation Grubbs, Hoveyda, and indenylidene catalysts (GII, HII, InII). These catalysts are customarily prepared by ligand exchange of the corresponding first-generation catalysts with the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) H2IMes. The PCy3 coproduct is conventionally removed by pentane extraction, but the partial solubility of the desired Ru products can cause product losses of over 20%. Sequestration of the PCy3 coproduct with CuCl is more efficient, but is undesirable given the potential for non-innocent copper residues. Use of the arylsulfonic acid resin Amberlyst-15 delivers near-quantitative catalyst yields, but the high acidity of the resin leads to problems with reproducibility and decomposition. An alternative approach is described, in which a neutral Merrifield resin (crosslinked polystyrene with pendant p-C6H4CH2I groups; MF-I) is used to sequester PCy3 as the covalently-tethered benzylphosphonium salt. Addition of MF-I following complete ligand exchange effects quantitative uptake of free PCy3 (and any residual free NHC) within 45 min at RT: the clean products are isolated by filtration, in ca. 95% yield. These yields compare well with those obtained via the Amberlyst-15 route, without the challenges due to resin acidity. The efficacy of this methodology is demonstrated in the synthesis of isotopically-labelled derivatives of HII, in which the H2IMes ligand bears a 13C-label at the carbene carbon, or perdeuterated mesityl rings.

Graphical abstract: Merrifield resin-assisted routes to second-generation catalysts for olefin metathesis

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
06 nov 2017
Accepted
26 jan 2018
First published
05 feb 2018

Catal. Sci. Technol., 2018,8, 1535-1544

Merrifield resin-assisted routes to second-generation catalysts for olefin metathesis

D. L. Nascimento, E. C. Davy and D. E. Fogg, Catal. Sci. Technol., 2018, 8, 1535 DOI: 10.1039/C7CY02278F

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