The 12 principles of green membrane materials and processes for realizing the United Nations' sustainable development goals

Abstract

Membrane science and technology has the potential to considerably contribute to most of the United Nations' sustainable development goals. This technology has diverse applications, including in mining, water treatment, healthcare, and space. Membranes directly impact the three pillars of sustainability, namely, the economy, environment, and society. Membrane materials and processes must be developed in line with green chemistry and engineering principles. Herein, the 12 principles of green membrane materials and processes are introduced to encourage and guide scientists, engineers, and practitioners to design, explore, and implement membranes efficiently and sustainably. Moreover, the membrane waste management hierarchy is introduced, and the importance of each principle and priorities for future research are established.