Issue 24, 2023

Hierarchical covalent organic framework-foam for multi-enzyme tandem catalysis

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal host matrices for biomolecule immobilization and biocatalysis due to their high porosity, various functionalities, and structural robustness. However, the porosity of COFs is limited to the micropore dimension, which restricts the immobilization of enzymes with large volumes and obstructs substrate flow during enzyme catalysis. A hierarchical 3D nanostructure possessing micro-, meso-, and macroporosity could be a beneficial host matrix for such enzyme catalysis. In this study, we employed an in situ CO2 gas effervescence technique to induce disordered macropores in the ordered 2D COF nanostructure, synthesizing hierarchical TpAzo COF-foam. The resulting TpAzo foam matrix facilitates the immobilization of multiple enzymes with higher immobilization efficiency (approximately 1.5 to 4-fold) than the COF. The immobilized cellulolytic enzymes, namely β-glucosidase (BGL), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and endoglucanase (EG), remain active inside the TpAzo foam. The immobilized BGL exhibited activity in organic solvents and stability at room temperature (25 °C). The enzyme-immobilized TpAzo foam exhibited significant activity towards the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (BGL@TpAzo-foam: Km and Vmax = 23.5 ± 3.5 mM and 497.7 ± 28.0 μM min−1) and carboxymethylcellulose (CBH@TpAzo-foam: Km and Vmax = 18.3 ± 4.0 mg mL−1 and 85.2 ± 9.6 μM min−1 and EG@TpAzo-foam: Km and Vmax = 13.2 ± 2.0 mg mL−1 and 102.2 ± 7.1 μM min−1). Subsequently, the multi-enzyme immobilized TpAzo foams were utilized to perform a one-pot tandem conversion from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to glucose with high recyclability (10 cycles). This work opens up the possibility of synthesizing enzymes immobilized in TpAzo foam for tandem catalysis.

Graphical abstract: Hierarchical covalent organic framework-foam for multi-enzyme tandem catalysis

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
14 mrt 2023
Accepted
26 mei 2023
First published
26 mei 2023
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2023,14, 6643-6653

Hierarchical covalent organic framework-foam for multi-enzyme tandem catalysis

S. Paul, M. Gupta, K. Dey, A. K. Mahato, S. Bag, A. Torris, E. B. Gowd, H. Sajid, M. A. Addicoat, S. Datta and R. Banerjee, Chem. Sci., 2023, 14, 6643 DOI: 10.1039/D3SC01367G

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