Issue 22, 2023

Comparison of group 4 and thorium M(iv) substituted cyclopentadienyl silanide complexes

Abstract

We report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of M(IV) substituted cyclopentadienyl hypersilanide complexes of the general formula [M(CpR)2{Si(SiMe3)3}(X)] (M = Hf, Th; CpR = Cp′, {C5H4(SiMe3)} or Cp′′, {C5H3(SiMe3)2-1,3}; X = Cl, C3H5). The separate salt metathesis reactions of [M(CpR)2(Cl)2] (M = Zr or Hf, CpR = Cp′; M = Hf or Th, CpR = Cp′′) with equimolar K{Si(SiMe3)3} gave the respective mono-silanide complexes [M(Cp′)2{Si(SiMe3)3}(Cl)] (M = Zr, 1; Hf, 2), [Hf(Cp′′)(Cp′){Si(SiMe3)3}(Cl)] (3) and [Th(Cp′′)2{Si(SiMe3)3}(Cl)] (4), with only a trace amount of 3 presumably formed via silatropic and sigmatropic shifts; the synthesis of 1 from [Zr(Cp′)2(Cl)2] and Li{Si(SiMe3)3} has been reported previously. The salt elimination reaction of 2 with one equivalent of allylmagnesium chloride gave [Hf(Cp′)2{Si(SiMe3)3}(η3-C3H5)] (5), whilst the corresponding reaction of 2 with equimolar benzyl potassium yielded [Hf(Cp′)2(CH2Ph)2] (6) together with a mixture of other products, with elimination of both KCl and K{Si(SiMe3)3}. Attempts to prepare isolated [M(CpR)2{Si(SiMe3)3}]+ cations from 4 or 5 by standard abstraction methodologies were unsuccessful. The reduction of 4 with KC8 gave the known Th(III) complex, [Th(Cp′′)3]. Complexes 2–6 were characterised by single crystal XRD, whilst 2, 4 and 5 were additionally characterised by 1H, 13C{1H} and 29Si{1H} NMR spectroscopy, ATR-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In order to probe differences in M(IV)–Si bonds for d- and f-block metals we studied the electronic structures of 1–5 by density functional theory calculations, showing M–Si bonds of similar covalency for Zr(IV) and Hf(IV), and less covalent M–Si bonds for Th(IV).

Graphical abstract: Comparison of group 4 and thorium M(iv) substituted cyclopentadienyl silanide complexes

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 mrt 2023
Accepted
12 mei 2023
First published
12 mei 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Dalton Trans., 2023,52, 7635-7645

Comparison of group 4 and thorium M(IV) substituted cyclopentadienyl silanide complexes

B. L. L. Réant, D. De Alwis Jayasinghe, A. J. Wooles, S. T. Liddle and D. P. Mills, Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 7635 DOI: 10.1039/D3DT00987D

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