Issue 1, 2019

A lysosomal chloride ion-selective fluorescent probe for biological applications

Abstract

Lysosomal pHs are maintained at low values by the cooperative action of a proton pump and a chloride channel to maintain electroneutrality. Owing to the biological significance of lysosomal chloride ions, measurements of their levels are of great importance to understand lysosome-associated biological events. However, appropriate probes to selectively detect Cl ions within acidic lysosomes have not been developed to date. In this study, we prepared MQAE-MP, a lysosomal Cl-selective fluorescent probe, and applied it to gain information about biological processes associated with lysosomes. The fluorescence of MQAE-MP is pH-insensitive over physiological pH ranges and is quenched by Cl with a Stern–Volmer constant of 204 M−1. Because MQAE-MP detects lysosomal Cl selectively, it was employed to assess the effects of eleven substances on lysosomal Cl concentrations. The results show that lysosomal Cl concentrations decrease in cells treated with substances that inhibit proteins responsible for lysosomal membrane stabilization, induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and transport lysosomal Cl to the cytosol. In addition, we investigated the effect of lysosomal chloride ions on the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to generate autolysosomes during autophagy inhibition promoted by substances. It was found that changes in lysosomal Cl concentrations did not affect the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes but an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration blocked the fusion process. We demonstrate from the current study that MQAE-MP has great potential as a lysosomal Cl-selective fluorescent probe for studies of biological events associated with lysosomes.

Graphical abstract: A lysosomal chloride ion-selective fluorescent probe for biological applications

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
13 sep 2018
Accepted
08 nov 2018
First published
27 nov 2018
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2019,10, 56-66

A lysosomal chloride ion-selective fluorescent probe for biological applications

S. Park, J. Y. Hyun and I. Shin, Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 56 DOI: 10.1039/C8SC04084B

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