Issue 31, 2020

Do polymer ligands block the catalysis of metal nanoparticles? Unexpected importance of binding motifs in improving catalytic activity

Abstract

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) tethered by synthetic polymers are of broad interest for self-assembly, nanomedicine and catalysis. The binding motifs in polymer ligands usually as the end functional groups of polymers are mostly limited to thiolates. Since the binding motif only represents a tiny fraction of many repeating units in polymers, its importance is often ignored. We herein report the uniqueness of polymeric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in providing oxidative stability and promoting the catalytic activity of noble metal NPs. Two “grafting to” methods were developed for polymer NHCs for pre-synthesized metal NPs in various solvents and with different sizes. Remarkably, imidazolium-terminated polystyrene can modify gold NPs (AuNPs) within 2 min while reaching a similar grafting density to polystyrene-thiol (SH) requiring 6 h modification. We demonstrate that polymer NHCs are extremely stable at high temperature in air. Interestingly, the binding motifs of polymer ligands dominate the catalytic activity of metal NPs. Polymer NHC modified metal NPs showed improved activity regardless of the surface crowdedness. In the case of AuNPs, AuNPs modified with polystyrene NHCs are approximately 5.2 times more active than citrate-capped ones and 22 times more active than those modified with polystyrene thiolates. In view of ligand-controlled catalytic properties of metal NPs, our results illustrate the importance of binding motifs that has been overlooked in the past.

Graphical abstract: Do polymer ligands block the catalysis of metal nanoparticles? Unexpected importance of binding motifs in improving catalytic activity

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
10 apr 2020
Accepted
12 mei 2020
First published
21 mei 2020

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020,8, 15900-15908

Author version available

Do polymer ligands block the catalysis of metal nanoparticles? Unexpected importance of binding motifs in improving catalytic activity

L. Zhang, Z. Wei, M. Meng, G. Ung and J. He, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 15900 DOI: 10.1039/D0TA03906C

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