Issue 2, 2023

Ginger waste as a potential feedstock for a zero-waste ginger biorefinery: a review

Abstract

Ginger consumption and its use in industrial applications such as essential oil and oleoresin extraction are growing globally. There will be increased volumes of ginger waste (rhizomes, stems and leaves) in the coming years. However, the valorisation of ginger waste is limited in the literature beyond its use as a ginger meal for animal feed. Herein, this review consolidates the literature on ginger waste within the context of developing a zero-waste ginger biorefinery that yields chemicals, materials and (bio)energy for emerging bio-based markets and applications. Green extraction technologies are reported; some are at an industrial scale for processing fresh ginger which could be re-used to obtain a second crop of oil or oleoresin. The application of ginger waste to produce potential value-added products such as anti-microbial materials, environmental remediation agents, supercapacitors, bioenergy and heterogeneous catalysts is presented. Limitations based on logistics, feedstock, processing technology and final output are discussed.

Graphical abstract: Ginger waste as a potential feedstock for a zero-waste ginger biorefinery: a review

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Article information

Article type
Tutorial Review
Submitted
10 nov 2022
Accepted
14 dec 2022
First published
16 dec 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Sustain., 2023,1, 213-223

Ginger waste as a potential feedstock for a zero-waste ginger biorefinery: a review

N. Inthalaeng, Y. Gao, J. Remón, T. I. J. Dugmore, M. Z. Ozel, A. Sulaeman and A. S. Matharu, RSC Sustain., 2023, 1, 213 DOI: 10.1039/D2SU00099G

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