Issue 17, 2016

Hydrogen-bond promoted nucleophilic fluorination: concept, mechanism and applications in positron emission tomography

Abstract

Due to the tremendous interest in carbon–fluorine bond-forming reactions, research efforts in this area have been dedicated to the development of facile processes to synthesize small fluorine-containing organic molecules. Among others, PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is one of the most important applications of fluorine chemistry. Recognizing the specific requirements of PET processes, some groups have focused on fluorination reactions using alkali metal fluorides, particularly through SN2-type reactions. However, a common “misconception” about the role of protic solvents and hydrogen bonding interactions in this class of reactions has hampered the employment of these excellent promoters. Herein, we would like to review recent discoveries in this context, showing straightforward nucleophilic fluorination reactions using alkali metal fluorides promoted by protic solvents. Simultaneous dual activation of reacting partners by intermolecular hydrogen bonding and the enhancement of the “effective fluoride nucleophilicity”, which is Nature's biocatalytic approach with the fluorinase enzyme, are the key to this unprecedentedly successful nucleophilic fluorination.

Graphical abstract: Hydrogen-bond promoted nucleophilic fluorination: concept, mechanism and applications in positron emission tomography

Article information

Article type
Tutorial Review
Submitted
05 apr 2016
First published
06 jun 2016

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016,45, 4638-4650

Hydrogen-bond promoted nucleophilic fluorination: concept, mechanism and applications in positron emission tomography

J. Lee, M. T. Oliveira, H. B. Jang, S. Lee, D. Y. Chi, D. W. Kim and C. E. Song, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 4638 DOI: 10.1039/C6CS00286B

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