Issue 36, 2015

Initial reaction steps during flame synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Premixed, laminar H2/O2/Ar and CH4/O2/N2 low-pressure flat flames doped with iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) were used to investigate the initial steps towards the formation of iron-oxide nanoparticles. The particles were extracted from the flame using a molecular beam sampling probe and the mass flow rate of condensed material was measured by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). It was observed that particles are already formed on the cold side of the flame, and vanish quickly once they pass through the flame front. To understand the process and assess the perturbations caused by the sampling probe, spatially resolved laser-based measurements of temperature, Fe and FeO concentration as well as molecular-beam sampling with particle mass spectrometry (PMS) were carried out. Numerical flow simulations of the synthesis flames, the reactor, and the sampling were performed and the simulations confirmed the experimental findings of very early particle formation. The detailed knowledge of the perturbation caused by invasive probing enabled further insight into the iron-oxide nanoparticle formation mechanism. From the results it is concluded that neither Fe atoms nor FeO molecules belong to the growth species of iron-oxide nanoparticles from flame synthesis.

Graphical abstract: Initial reaction steps during flame synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 mrt 2015
Accepted
28 apr 2015
First published
07 mei 2015
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

CrystEngComm, 2015,17, 6930-6939

Initial reaction steps during flame synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles

S. Kluge, L. Deng, O. Feroughi, F. Schneider, M. Poliak, A. Fomin, V. Tsionsky, S. Cheskis, I. Wlokas, I. Rahinov, T. Dreier, A. Kempf, H. Wiggers and C. Schulz, CrystEngComm, 2015, 17, 6930 DOI: 10.1039/C5CE00456J

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