Structural modification of fullerene derivates for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant advancements in their potential as competitive alternatives to traditional silicon-based solar cells. This review delves into the critical role of fullerene derivatives, particularly in the p–i–n configuration, in enhancing the performance and stability of PSCs. By modifying electronic properties and improving interface dynamics, fullerene derivatives have been instrumental in optimizing the photovoltaic performance and operational stability of PSCs. In this review, 5 aspects of how the microstructure of fullerene and its derivatives influence the performance of PSCs are discussed, as well as the means that should be used to regulate the impact of fullerene and its derivatives on PSCs in practical processes. Despite the existing advantages, the possible directions of research in the future, such as the influence of the cage scale and combinations of multiple functional groups, are highlighted, and the function of fullerene derivatives as electron transport materials in PSCs is elucidated. Finally, the article concludes the potential of fullerene derivatives to propel the field of renewable energy towards a sustainable and clean energy future.