Polymorphs of VO2 and their MXene-based hybrid materials for energy storage applications

Abstract

VO₂ polymorphs have gained attention as promising energy-storage materials because of their well-defined crystal structures. However, their practical use as electrode materials is hindered by poor electrical conductivity and volume instability. To overcome these limitations, VO₂ was integrated with MXenes to form VO₂@MXene hybrids. The high surface area, electrostatic attraction, and chemical bonding of MXenes make them an ideal partner for VO₂. These VO₂@MXene hybrids address the intrinsic drawbacks of VO₂, enhancing its electrochemical performance. Furthermore, VO₂@MXene hybrids are utilized for energy storage applications, mainly for supercapacitors and batteries. This review article thoroughly explores the recent advancements in the synthesis of VO₂ polymorphs and VO₂@MXene hybrids, their implementation as electrode materials under various electrolytic reaction conditions, and the optimized electrochemical parameters that led to superior electrochemical performances. Additionally, it discusses the interaction and charge storage mechanism between the VO₂ and MXene in the hybrid structure studied in various electrolytes.