Leveraging DNA-based Biomaterials for Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

DNA-based biomaterials have emerged as powerful platforms for advancing cancer immunotherapy, leveraging their unique programmability, structural precision, and biocompatibility. By enabling rational design at the molecular level, DNA nanostructures, such as tetrahedron, origami, nanorobots, hydrogels, and hybrid nanoparticles, facilitate targeted delivery, immune modulation, and controlled activation of therapeutic agents. These DNA-engineered biomaterials enhance antigen presentation, regulate immune microenvironments, and alleviate tumor-induced immunosuppression, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and safety. We summarize the design principles and applications of DNA-based biomaterials in immune regulation, vaccine development, and combination therapy. Furthermore, we outline current challenges and future perspectives in employing DNA-engineered biomaterials to advance safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy.