Issue 1, 2022

Pulsed heating atomic layer deposition (PH-ALD) for epitaxial growth of zinc oxide thin films on c-plane sapphire

Abstract

An in situ pulsed heating atomic layer deposition (PH-ALD) technique is used to grow heteroepitaxial ZnO thin films on c-plane sapphire with temperature-sensitive metalorganic precursors. During metalorganic precursor delivery, the substrate is maintained at a base temperature of 110 °C to prevent thermal decomposition of the precursors. After the substrate is sequentially exposed to the metalorganic precursor and water co-reactant at this low temperature, a high-power resistive heater is used to rapidly heat the substrate to between 400 and 900 °C to drive film crystallization. These in situ heat pulses enable epitaxial growth of (0001) ZnO films on c-plane sapphire. Rocking curves with FWHM of values as low as 0.53° are achieved. In contrast, films deposited entirely at 110 °C appear random polycrystalline and post-deposition annealing to 900 °C achieves only partial “epitaxial character” with a notably different in-plane orientation. Variations in heat pulse temperature and the number of deposition cycles between heat pulses are explored. Epitaxial growth persists up to 5 deposition cycles per heat pulse, with the 2θω FWHM increasing to 1–2°. To further reduce process times, a templating approach is also explored in which a limited number of “template” layers are initially deposited with PH-ALD followed by low-temperature ALD at 110 °C. Epitaxial growth is encouraged with as few as 5 cycles of PH-ALD followed by 495 cycles of low-temperature ALD. Crystal quality further improves by using up to 50 template cycles, with a 2θω FWHM of 1.3°. Epilayers also show enhanced photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. These results demonstrate how in situ pulse-heating can be used to promote epitaxial film growth in ALD processes using temperature-sensitive metalorganic precursors.

Graphical abstract: Pulsed heating atomic layer deposition (PH-ALD) for epitaxial growth of zinc oxide thin films on c-plane sapphire

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Okt. 2021
Accepted
06 Dec. 2021
First published
06 Dec. 2021

Dalton Trans., 2022,51, 303-311

Author version available

Pulsed heating atomic layer deposition (PH-ALD) for epitaxial growth of zinc oxide thin films on c-plane sapphire

B. D. Piercy, J. P. Wooding, S. A. Gregory and M. D. Losego, Dalton Trans., 2022, 51, 303 DOI: 10.1039/D1DT03581A

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