Issue 8, 2022

Non-stoichiometry and point native defects in non-oxide non-linear optical large single crystals: advantages and problems

Abstract

Advances and limitations in the field of growing large, high optical quality single crystals of AgGaS2 (AGS), AgGaGeS4 (AGGS), ZnGeP2 (ZGP), LiInS2 (LIS), LiGaS2 (LGS), LiInSe2 (LISe), LiGaSe2 (LGSe) and LiGaTe2 (LGT) compounds are considered in this contribution. With attendant good optical quality, all as-grown crystals of these compounds contain always some amount of native defects which adversely affect the optical and electrical properties. With the aim of overcoming this limitation, attention in this review is focused on concepts that provide a better insight into origins of non-stoichiometry and mechanism of native point defect occurrence. Among these concepts, preference is given to effective ways of determining the scale of the non-stoichiometry through the study of TX and PT diagrams, to promising techniques characterizing precisely phase purity, spatial chemical inhomogeneity, and amount of microstructural inclusions in grown crystals, and to measuring thermodynamic and thermochemical properties of the compounds. Utility of physicochemical characteristics for optimizing the growing process is considered. A combination of chemical information and physical properties of crystals is obligatory for clarifying the origins of defects. Attention is given to clarifying specificity of growing Li-containing crystals caused by high chemical activity of the Li component. With such content, this review paper presents status of current knowledge of non-stoichiometry and defects of crystals demanded in practice for non-linear optics.

Graphical abstract: Non-stoichiometry and point native defects in non-oxide non-linear optical large single crystals: advantages and problems

Article information

Article type
Highlight
Submitted
21 Okt. 2021
Accepted
19 Dec. 2021
First published
24 Dec. 2021

CrystEngComm, 2022,24, 1495-1506

Non-stoichiometry and point native defects in non-oxide non-linear optical large single crystals: advantages and problems

I. G. Vasilyeva and R. E. Nikolaev, CrystEngComm, 2022, 24, 1495 DOI: 10.1039/D1CE01423D

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