Issue 16, 2014

Synthesis and characterization of novel bio-based benzoxazines from eugenol

Abstract

Polybenzoxazines are phenolic-like materials that possess dimensional and thermal stability, and they release no by-products during their polymerization. In this study, a new class of benzoxazine-containing monomers has been prepared from renewable resource (eugenol, a natural phenol obtained from clove oil), paraformaldehyde and various aromatic diamines. The structures of the monomers were supported by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis, proving the existence of the benzoxazine ring containing eugenol moiety in its molecular structure. The monomers were polymerized/cured via ring-opening polymerization by heating as indicated by FT-IR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). This is confirmed by the disappearance of the peaks due to oxazine ring (942 cm−1). The exothermic peak associated with curing was observed from 170 °C to 250 °C. The thermal and mechanical properties of the polybenzoxazines were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The temperatures corresponding to 5% and 10% weight loss is from 240 to 295 °C and from 290 to 340 °C, respectively. The completely cured materials could achieve char yields up to 36.5% at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. DMA revealed that the glass transition temperatures of PBz-SUL and PBz-PHE were higher than that of PBz-DDS and PBz-OXY.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis and characterization of novel bio-based benzoxazines from eugenol

Additions and corrections

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 Nov. 2013
Accepted
20 Dec. 2013
First published
23 Dec. 2013

RSC Adv., 2014,4, 7959-7966

Synthesis and characterization of novel bio-based benzoxazines from eugenol

P. Thirukumaran, A. Shakila and S. Muthusamy, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 7959 DOI: 10.1039/C3RA46582A

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