Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Reinforced Energetic Materials: Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies

Abstract

This review systematically explores the key factors affecting the thermal conductivity of graphene-reinforced polymer-based energetic materials, integrating phonon transport mechanisms with practical optimization strategies. It clarifies that heat transfer in graphene-polymer systems is dominated by lattice vibrations and phonon scattering processes (phonon–phonon, phonon–defect, phonon–boundary). Critical parameters—including filler loading, graphene’s lateral size, layer number, defect density, dispersion quality, and 3D network structures—are rigorously assessed. Results show that large-area, low-defect graphene with interconnected 3D networks minimizes interfacial thermal resistance, enabling efficient heat conduction at low filler loadings. Surface functionalization (covalent/non-covalent) and hybrid fillers (e.g., carbon nanotubes, MXene) enhance dispersion uniformity and interfacial adhesion, while computational modeling offers theoretical guidance for material design. Despite promising lab-scale outcomes, scalability remains a major challenge. Future research should prioritize eco-friendly synthesis, interdisciplinary approaches, and advanced interfacial engineering to promote applications in electronic devices and energetic materials. Keywords: Graphene; Thermal Conduction; Polymer matrix composite