Issue 23, 2023

Exploring the intra-4f and the bright white light upconversion emissions of Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+-based materials for thermometry

Abstract

Upconversion broadband white light emission driven by low-power near-infrared (NIR) lasers has been reported for many materials, but the mechanisms and effects related to this phenomenon remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the origin of laser-induced continuous white light emission in synthesized nanoparticles (Gd0.89Yb0.10Er0.01)2O3 and a mechanical mixture of commercial oxides with the same composition 89% Gd2O3, 10% Yb2O3, and 1% Er2O3. We report their photophysical features with respect to sample compactness, laser irradiation (wavelength, power density, excitation cycles), pressure, temperature, and temporal dynamics. Despite the sensitizer (Yb3+) and activator (Er3+) being in different particles for the mechanical mixture, efficient discrete and continuous upconversion emissions were observed. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles were developed as primary luminescent thermometers (upon excitation at NIR) in the 299–363 K range, using the Er3+ upconversion 2H11/24I15/2/4S3/24I15/2 intensity ratio. They were also operating as secondary ones in the 1949–3086 K, based on the blackbody distribution of the observed white light emission. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms and effects related to the transition from discrete to continuous upconversion emissions with potential applications in remote temperature sensing.

Graphical abstract: Exploring the intra-4f and the bright white light upconversion emissions of Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+-based materials for thermometry

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
16 Apr. 2023
Accepted
29 Maijs 2023
First published
30 Maijs 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Nanoscale, 2023,15, 9993-10003

Exploring the intra-4f and the bright white light upconversion emissions of Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+-based materials for thermometry

T. J. S. Ramos, R. L. Longo, C. D. S. Brites, R. A. S. Ferreira, O. L. Malta and L. D. Carlos, Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 9993 DOI: 10.1039/D3NR01764H

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