Issue 9, 2022

High performance inkjet printed embedded electrochemical sensors for monitoring hypoxia in a gut bilayer microfluidic chip

Abstract

Sensing devices have shown tremendous potential for monitoring state-of-the-art organ chip devices. However, challenges like miniaturization while maintaining higher performance, longer operating times for continuous monitoring, and fabrication complexities limit their use. Herein simple, low-cost, and solution-processible inkjet dispenser printing of embedded electrochemical sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is proposed for monitoring developmental (initially normoxia) and induced hypoxia in a custom-developed gut bilayer microfluidic chip platform for 6 days. The DO sensors showed a high sensitivity of 31.1 nA L mg−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.67 mg L−1 within the 0–9 mg L−1 range, whereas the ROS sensor had a higher sensitivity of 1.44 nA μm−1 with a limit of detection of 1.7 μm within the 0–300 μm range. The dynamics of the barrier tight junctions are quantified with the help of an in-house developed trans-epithelial–endothelial electrical impedance (TEEI) sensor. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the expressions of HIF-1α and tight junction protein (TJP) ZO-1. This platform can also be used to enhance bioavailability assays, drug transport studies under an oxygen-controlled environment, and even other barrier organ models, as well as for various applications like toxicity testing, disease modeling and drug screening.

Graphical abstract: High performance inkjet printed embedded electrochemical sensors for monitoring hypoxia in a gut bilayer microfluidic chip

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
28 Nov. 2021
Accepted
17 Febr. 2022
First published
19 Febr. 2022

Lab Chip, 2022,22, 1764-1778

High performance inkjet printed embedded electrochemical sensors for monitoring hypoxia in a gut bilayer microfluidic chip

M. A. U. Khalid, K. H. Kim, A. R. Chethikkattuveli Salih, K. Hyun, S. H. Park, B. Kang, A. M. Soomro, M. Ali, Y. Jun, D. Huh, H. Cho and K. H. Choi, Lab Chip, 2022, 22, 1764 DOI: 10.1039/D1LC01079D

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