Issue 1, 2022

Tissue-derived carbon microbelt paper: a high-initial-coulombic-efficiency and low-discharge-platform K+-storage anode for 4.5 V hybrid capacitors

Abstract

Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for K+-storage due to its randomly oriented turbostratic structure. However, most reported HC anodes exhibit low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and no obvious discharge platform during K+-intercalation/deintercalation, thus restricting their practical application. Herein, cheap and renewable sanitary tissue is utilized as the precursor to construct a flexible self-supporting hard carbon microbelt paper (HCMB). As a binder-free anode, the HCMB can achieve a high ICE value of 88% with a high charge capacity below 1 V (204 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (151 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and superior cycling stability in a conventional KPF6-based electrolyte. More importantly, the HCMB-based anodes exhibit a rather low discharge platform, which is close to a graphite anode (0.25 V vs. K/K+). To demonstrate its practical use, a novel 4.5 V potassium ion capacitor (PIC) device is successfully constructed based on the HCMB anode and an activated carbon cathode together with a gel polymer electrolyte. The energy density of this hybrid system is up to 152 W h kg−1, and is still maintained as high as 112 W h kg−1 at a high power density of 17 500 W kg−1. In addition, the effect of the carbonization temperature on the K+-storage behavior of HCMB and its comparison with carbon counterparts (graphite and soft carbon) are systematically investigated.

Graphical abstract: Tissue-derived carbon microbelt paper: a high-initial-coulombic-efficiency and low-discharge-platform K+-storage anode for 4.5 V hybrid capacitors

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
14 Okt. 2021
Accepted
24 Nov. 2021
First published
25 Nov. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci., 2022,15, 158-168

Tissue-derived carbon microbelt paper: a high-initial-coulombic-efficiency and low-discharge-platform K+-storage anode for 4.5 V hybrid capacitors

T. Zhang, Z. Mao, X. Shi, J. Jin, B. He, R. Wang, Y. Gong and H. Wang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 158 DOI: 10.1039/D1EE03214C

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