Issue 1, 2021

Polymorphism in metal halide perovskites

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are frontrunners among solution-processable materials for lightweight, large-area and flexible optoelectronics. These materials, with the general chemical formula AMX3, are structurally complex, undergoing multiple polymorph transitions as a function of temperature and pressure. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of polymorphism in three-dimensional MHPs as a function of composition, with A = Cs+, MA+, or FA+, M = Pb2+ or Sn2+, and X = Cl, Br, or I. In general, perovskites adopt a highly symmetric cubic structure at elevated temperatures. With decreasing temperatures, the corner-sharing MX6 octahedra tilt with respect to one another, resulting in multiple polymorph transitions to lower-symmetry tetragonal and orthorhombic structures. The temperatures at which these phase transitions occur can be tuned via different strategies, including crystal size reduction, confinement in scaffolds and (de-)pressurization. As discussed in the final section of this review, these solid-state phase transformations can significantly affect optoelectronic properties. Understanding factors governing these transitions is thus critical to the development of high-performance, stable devices.

Graphical abstract: Polymorphism in metal halide perovskites

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
25 Aug. 2020
Accepted
16 Nov. 2020
First published
18 Nov. 2020
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Mater. Adv., 2021,2, 47-63

Polymorphism in metal halide perovskites

A. Alaei, A. Circelli, Y. Yuan, Y. Yang and S. S. Lee, Mater. Adv., 2021, 2, 47 DOI: 10.1039/D0MA00643B

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