Issue 14, 2021

Aqueous redox flow batteries: How ‘green’ are the redox active materials?

Abstract

Energy storage using aqueous organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs) is gaining momentum in recent years parallel with the renewable energy industry, principally to store energy from solar, wind and hydro generation. The safety and environmental effects of active materials utilised in aqueous ORFB systems are vital to stay true to the ultimate aim of producing a ‘green’ technology. In this review, we evaluate the ‘greenness’ of the synthetic methodology employed to prepare the anolyte or catholyte active materials which have been developed for aqueous ORBFs using the 12 principles of green chemistry. Some of the most common synthetic strategies that will be discussed involve acid catalysis, catalyst free procedures, and oxidative polymerisation. Additionally, the ‘greenness’ of several key commercial materials with limited synthetic procedures published will be considered.

Graphical abstract: Aqueous redox flow batteries: How ‘green’ are the redox active materials?

Article information

Article type
Tutorial Review
Submitted
16 Apr. 2021
Accepted
18 Jūn. 2021
First published
18 Jūn. 2021

Green Chem., 2021,23, 4955-4979

Aqueous redox flow batteries: How ‘green’ are the redox active materials?

Z. Deller, L. A. Jones and S. Maniam, Green Chem., 2021, 23, 4955 DOI: 10.1039/D1GC01333E

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