Issue 68, 2020

Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

Abstract

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, and carbon-neutral. Although the homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, much attention is currently paid toward the chemical synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement and easily recovered, thus enhancing reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Furthermore, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area, and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlights the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts (including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts) derived from different chemicals, as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.

Graphical abstract: Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
16 Sept. 2020
Accepted
23 Okt. 2020
First published
13 Nov. 2020
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2020,10, 41625-41679

Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

B. Changmai, C. Vanlalveni, A. P. Ingle, R. Bhagat and S. L. Rokhum, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 41625 DOI: 10.1039/D0RA07931F

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