Issue 38, 2022

An acceptor-shielding strategy of photosensitizers for enhancing the generation efficiency of type I reactive oxygen species and the related photodynamic immunotherapy

Abstract

Developing efficient photosensitizers (PSs) that can generate type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) under illumination is considered an effective way to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes due to the hypoxic nature of the tumor environment, but also is very challenging. Herein, a new PS of the multiarylpyrrole (MAP) derivative with a typical donor–acceptor structure was synthesized to efficiently generate type I ROS by using an acceptor-shielding strategy in their aggregated state. The enhanced generation mechanism of type I ROS originated from its ultralong triplet lifetime and the narrow singlet–triplet energy gap of the MAP. More importantly, type I ROS can transform protumoral M2 macrophages (M2) into antitumoral M1 macrophages (M1), which showed synergistic immunotherapy in in vivo experiments. Therefore, introducing shielding groups into acceptors provides general guidance for developing efficient PSs in the aggregation state for clinical PDT.

Graphical abstract: An acceptor-shielding strategy of photosensitizers for enhancing the generation efficiency of type I reactive oxygen species and the related photodynamic immunotherapy

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
26 Apr. 2022
Accepted
11 Aug. 2022
First published
15 Aug. 2022

Nanoscale, 2022,14, 14064-14072

An acceptor-shielding strategy of photosensitizers for enhancing the generation efficiency of type I reactive oxygen species and the related photodynamic immunotherapy

J. Qu, Y. Zhang, Z. Cai, B. Tong, H. Xie, Y. Dong and J. Shi, Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 14064 DOI: 10.1039/D2NR02273G

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