Issue 8, 2017

High-quality organohalide lead perovskite films fabricated by layer-by-layer alternating vacuum deposition for high efficiency photovoltaics

Abstract

Herein, we present, for the first time, a new procedure to fabricate stoichiometric, uniform, and highly crystalline lead perovskite thin films based on a multi-step vapor deposition technique. In this process, the perovskite film is prepared by layer-by-layer alternating (LBLA) vacuum deposition of PbI2 and methylammounium iodide (MAI). In comparison to the common two-step deposition (TSD) approach, the novel LBLA evaporation process yields thin films with much improved uniformity in terms of composition, morphology, and surface quality. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry show that the I/Pb ratio of the LBLA film is 2.92 ± 0.03, which indicates a more precise stoichiometric composition of organometallics as compared with TSD with an I/Pb ratio of 2.76 ± 0.06. X-ray diffraction and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements also demonstrate higher crystallinity and a longer lifetime for the LBLA films, as compared with the films fabricated by the conventional TSD method. Atomic force microscopy indicates 36% improvement in the surface smoothness as well. The better film quality leads to ∼20% improved power conversion efficiency in bulk heterojunction solar devices, primarily owing to a higher fill factor and current density.

Graphical abstract: High-quality organohalide lead perovskite films fabricated by layer-by-layer alternating vacuum deposition for high efficiency photovoltaics

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Research Article
Submitted
28 Des 2016
Accepted
27 Jan 2017
First published
06 Feb 2017

Mater. Chem. Front., 2017,1, 1520-1525

High-quality organohalide lead perovskite films fabricated by layer-by-layer alternating vacuum deposition for high efficiency photovoltaics

M. M. Tavakoli, A. Simchi, X. Mo and Z. Fan, Mater. Chem. Front., 2017, 1, 1520 DOI: 10.1039/C6QM00379F

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