Issue 44, 2023

Defect engineering: the role of cationic vacancies in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis

Abstract

Defect engineering is an effective strategy for regulating and controlling the properties of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts. Creating specific catalytic centers allows precise modulation of their electronic and material characteristics, enhancing electron enrichment. Defects generate synergistic unsaturated sites as active catalytic sites for chemisorption and activation in catalysis. This article systematically discusses the role of cationic vacancies in defect engineering, covering aspects such as synthesis methods, testing techniques and applications. It comprehensively summarizes recent research, underscoring applications in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) and nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). In particular, the key role of cationic vacancy defect strategies in various applications is highlighted. Finally, the future opportunities, challenges, and prospects for further development of cation-defect-engineered catalysts are anticipated. The objective of this report is to elucidate the nature of cationic vacancy catalysts and provide valuable insights for designing defective cationic catalysts for various catalytic reactions.

Graphical abstract: Defect engineering: the role of cationic vacancies in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
18 Agu 2023
Accepted
16 Oki 2023
First published
17 Oki 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023,11, 23653-23682

Defect engineering: the role of cationic vacancies in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis

W. Ding, S. Yuan, Y. Yang, X. Li and M. Luo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 23653 DOI: 10.1039/D3TA04947G

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