The ciliate Euplotes balteatus is resistant to Paralytic Shellfish Toxins from Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)

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Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters

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Toxins, 2022, 14, 762
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Comparative secretome and proteome analysis unveils the response mechanism in the phosphorus utilization of Alexandrium pacificum

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Process, advances, and perspectives of graphene oxide-SELEX for the development of aptamer molecular probes: A comprehensive review

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Microcystin-LR sensitizes the Oncorhynchus mykiss intestinal epithelium and interacts with paralytic shellfish toxins to alter oxidative balance

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Cation-Exchange Resin Applied to Paralytic Shellfish Toxins Depuration from Bivalves Exposed to Gymnodinium catenatum

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Accumulation and depuration of 4,5-dihydro-KmTx2 from Karlodinium veneficum in the bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria and Sinonovacula constricta

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Metabolic transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under different exposure modes

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Effects of Zooplankton Extracts on the Production of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Gymnodinium catenatum and Alexandrium pacificum

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Exosomes as mediators of signal transmitters in biotoxins toxicity: a comprehensive review

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Chemistry and bioactivity of marine algal toxins and their geographic distribution in China

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Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control

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Unveiling the transformation products and toxicity of paralytic shellfish toxins under photodegradation and peroxymonosulfate oxidation

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Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025, 500, 140313
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Intracellular abundance, localization, and enzymatic activity of a saxitoxin biosynthesis enzyme, SxtG, in two sister subclones of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella with extremely different levels of paralytic shellfish toxins

Yuko Cho, Shizu Hidema, Takuo Omura, Shigeki Tsuchiya, Keiichi Konoki, Yasukatsu Oshima and Mari Yotsu-Yamashita

Harmful Algae, 2024, 139, 102723
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Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Current Insights into Toxicity, Mechanisms, and Ecological Impacts

Hajar Bouda, Rajae El Bourki, Abderrazzak Fattah and Nadia Takati

Marine Drugs, 2025, 24, 9
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Immune and physiological responses of Mytilus unguiculatus to Alexandrium spp. with varying paralytic shellfish toxin profiles

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Science of The Total Environment, 2024, 935, 173483
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Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Extraction from Bivalve Meat for Analysis Using Potentiometric Chemical Sensors

Ana Filipa R. Cerqueira, Catarina Moreirinha, Mariana Raposo, Maria Teresa S. R. Gomes, Sara T. Costa, Maria João Botelho and Alisa Rudnitskaya

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Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins

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Marine Drugs, 2022, 20, 198
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Uncovering the regulation effect of modified clay on toxin production in Alexandrium pacificum: From physiological insights

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Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 454, 131516
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Bioanalytical Technologies for Safety Control of Fish and Seafood by Sensitive Rapid Tests for Phycotoxins

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Biosensors for detection of paralytic shellfish toxins: Recognition elements and transduction technologies

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Unravelling the toxicity mechanisms of polystyrene nanoplastics on physiological and transcriptomic responses of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum

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Paralytic shellfish toxins and seabirds: evaluating sublethal effects, behavioral responses, and ecological implications of saxitoxin ingestion by common murres (Uria aalge)

Matthew M. Smith, Robert J. Dusek, Tuula Hollmen, Sarah K. Schoen, Caroline Van Hemert, Kristen Steinmetzer, Aidan Lee, Jenna Schlener, Vijay Patil, D. Ransom Hardison, David Kulis, Donald M. Anderson, Clark D. Ridge and Sherwood Hall

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Revisiting the HPLC-FLD Method to Quantify Paralytic Shellfish Toxins: C3,4 Quantification and the First Steps towards Validation

Joana F. Leal and Maria L. S. Cristiano

Toxins, 2022, 14, 179
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Variations in the Toxicity and Condition Index of Five Bivalve Species Throughout a Red Tide Event Caused by Alexandrium Catenella: A Field Study

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Variability in Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Profiles and Dinoflagellate Diversity in Mussels and Seawater Collected during Spring in Korean Coastal Seawater

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Assessing the global distribution and risk of harmful microalgae: A focus on three toxic Alexandrium dinoflagellates

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Science of The Total Environment, 2024, 948, 174767
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Marine Toxins as Pharmaceutical Treasure Troves: A Focus on Saxitoxin Derivatives from a Computational Point of View

Norma Flores-Holguín, Joan S. Salas-Leiva, Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez, Dariel Tovar-Ramírez and Daniel Glossman-Mitnik

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Why are bivalves not detoxified?

Joana F Leal and Maria L S Cristiano

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Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Pyrene in Governing the Critical Metabolic Circuits of Alexandrium pacificum

Xue-Ling Huang, Zhen-Hao Xu, Jiang-Bing Qiu, Xiao-Li Ou, Shuang Yu, Hao-Yun Zhang, Dan Huang, Si-Wei Wu, Yi-Tong Huang, Li-Gong Zou, Wei-Dong Yang, Hong-Ye Li, Lin-Jian Ou and Da-Wei Li

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3-Epimers of Caribbean ciguatoxins in fish and algae

Elizabeth M. Mudge, Alison Robertson, Silvio Uhlig, Pearse McCarron and Christopher O. Miles

Toxicon, 2024, 237, 107536
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Sensitive detection of sodium channel-inhibiting marine toxins via real-time and label-free cytotoxicity assay

Ting Yan, Zhi Li, Bo Ma, Xiaotong Zhao, Xiaohan Wu, Hua Xu and Jianwei Xie

Microchemical Journal, 2025, 212, 113274
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Harmful Algal Blooms in Eutrophic Marine Environments: Causes, Monitoring, and Treatment

Jiaxin Lan, Pengfei Liu, Xi Hu and Shanshan Zhu

Water, 2024, 16, 2525
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Biological effects of hydroxyl radical inactivation for typical red tide algae Alexandrium tamarense

Pengyu Liang, Yongning Bian, Yubo Zhang, Chenzheng Wei and Mindong Bai

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2024, 57, 104593
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Tissue-specific antioxidative response and metabolism of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallop (Chlamys farreri) mantle with Alexandrium dinoflagellate exposure

Moli Li, Jie Cheng, Huizhen Wang, Jiaoxia Shi, Xiaogang Xun, Yangrui Wang, Wei Lu, Jingjie Hu, Zhenmin Bao and Xiaoli Hu

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Toxin Accumulation, Distribution, and Sources of Toxic Xanthid Crabs

Yuchengmin Zhang, Hongchen Zhu, Tomohiro Takatani and Osamu Arakawa

Toxins, 2025, 17, 228
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A Fresh Perspective on Cyanobacterial Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: History, Methodology, and Toxicology

Zacharias J. Smith, Kandis M. Arlinghaus, Gregory L. Boyer and Cathleen J. Hapeman

Marine Drugs, 2025, 23, 271
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Development of a novel TaqMan qPCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of Gymnodinium catenatum for application to harmful algal bloom monitoring in coastal areas of Tunisia

Faten Ben Amor, Jihen Elleuch, Ameni Farhat, Mohamed Barkallah, Kirsty F. Smith, Idriss Ben Neila, Imen Fendri and Slim Abdelkafi

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Toxicogenomic Effects of Dissolved Saxitoxin on the Early Life Stages of the Longfin Yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana)

Colleen Guinle, Erick Julián Núñez-Vázquez, Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera, Daniela Alejandra Corona-Rojas and Dariel Tovar-Ramírez

Marine Drugs, 2023, 21, 597
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Uncovering the potential effect of microplastics on Alexandrium pacificum: From the perspective of cyst formation and toxin production

Weijia Song, Peipei Zhang, Jianguo Ding, Jie Ma, Hongli Zhang, Liling Guan and Zhihua Feng

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A review on aquatic toxins - Do we really know it all regarding the environmental risk posed by phytoplankton neurotoxins?

Albano Pinto, Maria João Botelho, Catarina Churro, Jana Asselman, Patrícia Pereira and Joana Luísa Pereira

Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 345, 118769
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Marine Algal Toxins and Public Health: Insights from Shellfish and Fish, the Main Biological Vectors

Kuan-Kuan Yuan, Hong-Ye Li and Wei-Dong Yang

Marine Drugs, 2024, 22, 510
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Melitoxin Inhibits Proliferation, Metastasis, and Invasion of Glioma U251 Cells by Down-regulating F2RL1

Peng Xu, Jie Zhou, Xiaohui Xing, Yuan Hao, Mingxu Gao, Zhongchen Li, Xin Li, Mengyou Li and Yilei Xiao

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Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Characterization of Marine Toxins

Hyo-Yeon Yu, Mi Gang Kim, Jin Young Kim, Yun Hwan Kim, Hyo Jin Cho, Hyeona Lim, Hyang Sook Chun and Sangdoo Ahn

Ocean Sci. J., 2024, 59
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Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops

Zhuo-Ru Lin, Hui-Xia Geng and Ren-Cheng Yu

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 469, 133896
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Integrative Inducer Intervention and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Metabolism of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Azumapecten farreri

Chenfan Dong, Guanchao Zheng, Jixing Peng, Mengmeng Guo, Haiyan Wu and Zhijun Tan

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2024, 58, 6519
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The development of rapid detection techniques for Alexandrium catenella

Jiahang Mu, Zhang Kang, Junhua Fang, Changgong Zhang and Kefu Zhou

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Novel insights into toxin changes associated with the growth of Alexandrium pacificum: Revealing active toxin-secretion ability and toxin cell quota variation

Weijia Song, Xiuxian Song, Lianbao Chi, Jianan Zhu, Xihua Cao and Zhiming Yu

Harmful Algae, 2023, 129, 102516
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Temperature rise and its influence on the toxic effects caused by cyanotoxins in a neotropical catfish

Maiara Vicentini, Sabrina L.M. Calado, Jacqueline B.K. Pessati, Maiara C. Perussolo, Juliana R. Lirola, Fellip R. Marcondes, Natália do Nascimento, Camila L. Beghetto, Mauro C.P. Vilar, Maritana Mela, Lucila A.A. Coral, Valéria F. Magalhães, Viviane Prodocimo, Marta M. Cestari and Helena C. Silva de Assis

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Temperature dependent sensitivity of the harpacticoid copepod Nitokra spinipes to marine algal toxins

Wenxin Liu, Ilias Semmouri, Colin R. Janssen and Jana Asselman

Chemosphere, 2024, 366, 143420
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Methodologies for Detoxifying Bivalves from Marine Paralytic Shellfish Toxins

Adewale Aderogba, Joana F. Leal and Maria L. S. Cristiano

Marine Drugs, 2025, 23, 398
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Contamination Status and Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish in the Dalian Area of the Yellow-Bohai Sea, China

Pei Cao, Lei Zhang, Yaling Huang, Shuwen Li, Xiaodan Wang, Feng Pan, Xiaojin Yu, Jinfang Sun, Jiang Liang, Pingping Zhou and Xiaomin Xu

Foods, 2024, 13, 361
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Variations in the toxicity and condition index of five bivalve species throughout a red tide event caused by Alexandrium catenella: A field study

Hai-Yan Wu, Fan Zhang, Chen-Fan Dong, Guan-Chao Zheng, Zhi-Hua Zhang, Ya-Ya Zhang and Zhi-Jun Tan

Environmental Research, 2022, 215, 114327
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Effects of ichthyotoxic algae, Heterosigma akashiwo, on the locomotor behavior of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae

Baoze Wang, Zhengguang Li, Ruilin Zhao, Xiaohong Sun and Lisa Campbell

Journal of Plankton Research, 2025, 47
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Formation mechanism and environmental drivers of Alexandrium catenella bloom events in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China

Hai-Yan Wu, Chen-Fan Dong, Guan-Chao Zheng, Zhi-Hua Zhang, Ya-Ya Zhang, Zhi-Jun Tan and Hai-Feng Gu

Environmental Pollution, 2022, 313, 120241
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Occurrence and spatial distribution of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater and marine organisms in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China

Yadong Cao, Jiangbing Qiu, Aifeng Li, Lei Zhang, Guowang Yan, Ying Ji, Jingrui Zhang, Peng Zhao and Xizhen Wu

Chemosphere, 2023, 315, 137746
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A dual-mode optical sensor for sensitive detection of saxitoxin in shellfish based on three-in-one functional nanozymes

Long Wu, Yueqing Li, Yu Han, Xing Liu, Bingjun Han, Haimei Mao and Qi Chen

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2024, 130, 106190
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Differential Proteomic Analysis of Low-Dose Chronic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

Xiujie Liu, Fuli Wang, Huilan Yu, Changcai Liu, Junmei Xia, Yangde Ma, Bo Chen and Shilei Liu

Marine Drugs, 2024, 22, 108
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Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Coastal Waters of Changdao Island (China): Toxin Profiles, Potential Producers, and Environmental Conditions

Guanchao Zheng, Yuxiang Deng, Haiyan Wu, Xiaokang Li, Ling Cheng, Chengxu Yuan, Minlu Liu and Zhijun Tan

Marine Drugs, 2025, 23, 217
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Marine toxins in environment: Recent updates on depuration techniques

Yu Bian, Xue-song Feng, Yuan Zhang, Cheng Du and Yan-qing Wen

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Unusual paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in Cayuga Lake, New York

Zacharias J. Smith and Gregory L. Boyer

Toxicon, 2024, 252, 108165
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