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Coordination Engineering of Carbon Dots and Mn in Co‐Based Phosphides for Highly Efficient Seawater Splitting at Ampere‐Level Current Density
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Cl− ions accelerating interface charge transfer in a Si/In2S3 Faradaic junction photocathode for solar seawater splitting
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Integrating high-entropy alloy oxides with porous wood architectures for boosted salt-resistant water evaporation
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Research and strategies for efficient electrocatalysts towards anodic oxygen evolution reaction in seawater electrolysis system
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Controlled synthesis of M-MnS/Ni3S2（M=Zr, Ce, Bi and V）nanoarrays on nickel foam for overall urea splitting
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Bimetal Metaphosphate/Molybdenum Oxide Heterostructure Nanowires for Boosting Overall Freshwater/Seawater Splitting at High Current Densities
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Electronic structure modulation of MoO2 via Er-doping for efficient overall water/seawater splitting and Mg/seawater batteries
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Vanadium-modulated hierarchical Ni2P/Ni12P5 as an efficient heterostructure electrocatalyst for large-current-density hydrogen evolution
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Bifunctional Mo4O11 Nanosheets-Engineered Co-Ni alloy nanowires enable High-Efficiency seawater electrolysis and Zn-Seawater battery
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Recent Advances for Seawater Hydrogen Evolution
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Cell Engineering Can Mitigate Cathode Scaling during Water Electrolysis in the Presence of Mg2+
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Thin-Film Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Evolution with a Saline Catholyte Water Feed
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Freshwater supply for hydrogen production: An underestimated challenge
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Direct seawater electrolysis through in situ purification using dual ion exchange membranes
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Harnessing direct seawater electrolysis for a sustainable offshore Hydrogen future: A critical review and perspective
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Why today’s “water” in water splitting is not natural water? Critical up-to-date perspective and future challenges for direct seawater splitting
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Membrane distillation for producing ultra-pure water for PEM electrolysis
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Insights on the Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting at Heterogeneous Nickel-Cobalt Based Electrocatalysts Engineered from Oxidative Aniline Polymerization and Calcination
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A direct seawater electrolysis (DSWEL) for hydrogen production: A review of system design components and advancements
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Defect Enriched Tungsten Oxide Phosphate with Strategic Sulfur Doping for Effective Seawater Oxidation
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Generation of Pure Oxygen from Briny Water by Binary Catalysis
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Stabilizing NiFe sites by high-dispersity of nanosized and anionic Cr species toward durable seawater oxidation
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Is Direct Seawater Splitting Realistic with Conventional Electrolyzer Technologies?
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Thermomechanical and Structural Analysis of WO3 Array for Optimized Photoelectrochemical Chloride Oxidation Performance
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Direct Seawater Splitting by Forward Osmosis Coupled to Water Electrolysis
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Modulating the bimetallic ratio of amorphous nickel-manganese MBenes for direct seawater electrolysis
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Cutting-edge techniques in low-temperature electrochemical water splitting: advancements in hydrogen production
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In-situ green hydrogen production from offshore wind farms, a prospective review
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Bridge the activity and durability of Ruthenium for hydrogen evolution reaction with the Ru O C link
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Photo-assisted synthesis of ternary metal (oxy)hydroxide electrode for enhanced seawater splitting and solar-to-hydrogen conversion
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Manganese sulfide enables the formation of a highly active β-MnOOH electrocatalyst for effective alkaline water oxidation
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Hyping direct seawater electrolysis hinders electrolyzer development
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Dynamic Creation of a Local Acid-like Environment for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Natural Seawater
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A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation
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Hierarchical Superaerophobic Nanoarray Electrode (FeOOH/CoFe LDH) as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst for Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis
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In-situ constructing oxide-anion dual-layer on Ce-B-containing electrode electrolyte interface towards highly corrosive seawater splitting
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A restricted dynamic surface self-reconstruction toward high-performance of direct seawater oxidation
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Review of the Planning and Distribution Methodologies to Locate Hydrogen Infrastructure in the Territory
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Low-Cost Pt–Cu3P/Cu3(PO4)2 with Outstanding Water Splitting Activity in both Basic Solutions and Seawater
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Carbon Ink Enhanced Calcium Alginate-Based Hydrogel with Response Surface Methodology Optimized for Solar-Driven Salt-Tolerant Desalination
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Long-term durability of metastable β-Fe2O3 photoanodes in highly corrosive seawater
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Manipulating the heterostructure and architecture of Cu/CuO catalyst towards pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction
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Multifunctional Design of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
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Hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis: Challenges, strategies and future
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Unravelling the effect of Cl- on alkaline saline water electrooxidation on NiFe (oxy)hydroxides
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Oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts for seawater splitting: A review
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Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis
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Rational Design of Fe-Doped Co4S3/Ni3S2 Mott–Schottky Heterojunction with Tunable Surface Electron Density for Efficient Water Electrolysis
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Low-overpotential full water splitting with metal-free self-supported electrodes obtained by amination of oxidised carbon cloth
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Recent Advances in Upgrading of Low‐Cost Oxidants to Value‐Added Products by Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction
Rui Li, Kun Xiang, Zhongyi Liu, Zhikun Peng, Yuqin Zou and Shuangyin Wang
Adv Funct Materials, 2022, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202208212

Sulfur and phosphorus co-doped FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloys as efficient sulfion oxidation reaction catalysts enabling self-powered asymmetric seawater electrolysis
Zhipeng Yu, Danil W. Boukhvalov, Hao Tan, Dehua Xiong, Chuangshi Feng, Jingwei Wang, Wei Wang, Yang Zhao, Kaiyang Xu, Weifeng Su, Xinyi Xiang, Fei Lin, Haoliang Huang, Fuxiang Zhang, Lei Zhang, Lijian Meng and Lifeng Liu
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 494, 153094
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.153094

Patching the cracks of catalyst layer for stable alkaline saline water electrolysis
Si-Hua Lin, Jin He, Zi-Qi Tian, Xiao-Peng Qi and Yi-Chao Lin
Rare Met., 2025, 44, 6760
DOI: 10.1007/s12598-025-03284-0

Bimetallic substrate induction synthesis of binder-free electrocatalysts for stable seawater oxidation at industrial current densities
Lingxi Zhou, Zheng-Hong Huang, Feiyu Kang and Ruitao Lv
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 458, 141457
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.141457

Ruthenium-Integrated Nickel Selenide Nanoparticles for Efficient Multifunctional Electrocatalysis
Shalini Verma, Labham Singh, Ayusie Goyal, Baghendra Singh and Apparao Draksharapu
ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2025, 8, 13522
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.5c02294

Joule heating synthesis of NiFe alloy/MoO2 and in-situ transformed (Ni,Fe)OOH/MoO2 heterostructure as effective complementary electrocatalysts for overall splitting in alkaline seawater
Zhan Zhao, Jianpeng Sun, Xiang Li, Zisheng Zhang and Xiangchao Meng
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2024, 340, 123277
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123277

High‐Performance FeRu Alloy Electrocatalyst Integrated with a Mo Substrate for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Seawater
Mengtian Huo, Xinran Sun, Jianhang Sun, Qianyu Li, Xinye Zhang, Xiaowen Gu, Zihao Xing and Jinfa Chang
Small, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412729

Vanadium‐Doped Heterogeneous Bimetallic Phosphides Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides for Saline Water Splitting
Yixuan Li, Jiahui Jiang, Qihao Wu, Yuying Feng, Zhongxu Chen, Guancheng Xu and Li Zhang
Small, 2024
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402250

Effect of Surface‐Adsorbed and Intercalated (Oxy)anions on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
J. Niklas Hausmann and Prashanth W. Menezes
Angewandte Chemie, 2022, 134
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207279

On factors of ions in seawater for CO2 reduction
Shengjie Bai, Mengmeng Song, Tengfei Ma, Feng Wang, Ya Liu and Liejin Guo
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2023, 323, 122166
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122166

High Spatiotemporal Availability of Hydrogen by Electrolysis of Municipal Reclaimed Water in China
Weixiang Chao, Xiuling Yan and Lu Lu
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2025, 59, 16344
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c01203

Controlled synthesis of M (M = Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe)-NiCoP hybrid materials as environmentally friendly catalyst for seawater splitting
Qirun Wang, Chao Wang, Xiaoqiang Du and Xiaoshuang Zhang
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 966, 171516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171516

Cu-mediated electron-rich Ru centers on metal carbides for highly efficient hydrogen production from seawater
Weiqiong Zheng, Xiaoke Jia, Chao He, Zihe Wu, Yiming Zhang, Ran Zhu, Huijuan Wu, Xikui Liu, Shuang Li and Chong Cheng
Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2024, 357, 124330
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124330

Integration of waste heat recovered from water electrolysis to desalinate feedwater with membrane distillation
Tim Arthur, Graeme J. Millar and Jonathan Love
Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2023, 56, 104426
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104426

Strategic comparison of membrane-assisted and membrane-less water electrolyzers and their potential application in direct seawater splitting (DSS)
Abdul Malek, Xu Lu, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J.L. Brett and Guanjie He
Green Energy & Environment, 2023, 8, 989
DOI: 10.1016/j.gee.2022.06.006

Innovations in seawater electrolysis: From fundamental challenges to practical applications
Monther Q. Alkoshab, Naznin Shaikh, Mohammad Qamar and Ihsan ulhaq Toor
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 122, 289
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.272

Fe, Mn-Ni3S2 directly grown on nickel foam as an environmentally friendly electrocatalyst for seawater splitting
Zhejun Zhao, Han Zhao, Xiaoqiang Du and Xiaoshuang Zhang
Surfaces and Interfaces, 2024, 46, 104079
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2024.104079

Advanced Fe Electrocatalysts: Unlocking Sustainable, Selective, and Durable Seawater Electrolysis
Diab Khalafallah, Libei Feng, Zhiyuan Sun, Shengfu Tong, Jue Wang and Qinfang Zhang
Adv Funct Materials, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202506186

Membraneless unbuffered seawater electrolysis for pure hydrogen production using PtRuTiOx anode and MnOx cathode pairs
Nan-Nan Liang, Dong Suk Han and Hyunwoong Park
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2023, 324, 122275
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122275

Carbon dioxide removal from the oceans: Carbon dioxide emission and techno-economic analyses of producing renewable synthetic methane
Ayeon Kim, Heehyang Kim, Yus Donald Chaniago and Hankwon Lim
Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2023, 41, 21
DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2023.07.019

The pH Influence on the Water-Splitting Electrocatalytic Activity of Graphite Electrodes Modified with Symmetrically Substituted Metalloporphyrins
Bogdan-Ovidiu Taranu and Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma
Nanomaterials, 2022, 12, 3788
DOI: 10.3390/nano12213788

Electrochemical Seawater Oxidation by (Ni,Co)3O4-RuO2 Catalysts at Neutral pH in a Forward Osmosis Cell
Tushar Kanta Sahu, Jayeeta Saha, Athira Anil, Germán Salazar-Alvarez and Mats Johnsson
ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2024, 7, 4445
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c00386

In Situ Reconstruction of Partially Hydroxylated Porous Rh Metallene for Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Seawater Splitting
Qiqi Mao, Kai Deng, Hongjie Yu, You Xu, Ziqiang Wang, Xiaonian Li, Liang Wang and Hongjing Wang
Adv Funct Materials, 2022, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202201081

Anion-tuning of cobalt-based chalcogenides for efficient oxygen evolution in weakly alkaline seawater
Jiankun Li, Fang Xu, Keyu Wang, Juan He, Yixing Wang, Linfeng Lei, Minghui Zhu, Linzhou Zhuang and Zhi Xu
Chemical Engineering Science, 2023, 267, 118366
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118366

Lattice Strain-Induced Regulation of Interfacial Water Promotes Hydrogen Production from Natural Seawater
Deyu Bao, Linsen Huang, Yao Zheng and Shi-Zhang Qiao
ACS Catal., 2025, 14661
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03655

Enhancing methylene blue removal: Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of chemically activated carbon adsorbents
Hamad Noori Hamad, Syazwani Idrus, Badronnisa Yusuf and Nur Syakina Jamali
Process Biochemistry, 2024, 144, 306
DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.05.028

Self-supported electrocatalysts for high-current-density water/seawater electrolysis
Yingxiu Zhao, Qiyan Sun, Chuanfang Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Lei Wang and Guang-Rui Xu
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 968, 172286
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172286

Self‐Supported Electrocatalysts for Practical Water Electrolysis
Hongyuan Yang, Matthias Driess and Prashanth W. Menezes
Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202102074

Development of rechargeable high-energy hybrid zinc-iodine aqueous batteries exploiting reversible chlorine-based redox reaction
Guojin Liang, Bochun Liang, Ao Chen, Jiaxiong Zhu, Qing Li, Zhaodong Huang, Xinliang Li, Ying Wang, Xiaoqi Wang, Bo Xiong, Xu Jin, Shengchi Bai, Jun Fan and Chunyi Zhi
Nat Commun, 2023, 14
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37565-y

High entropy metal oxide@graphene oxide composite as electrocatalyst for green hydrogen generation using anion exchange membrane seawater electrolyzer
Selvam Praveen Kumar, Pamangadan C. Sharafudeen and Perumal Elumalai
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48, 38156
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.121