Heck reaction proceeds at ambient temperature (30 °C) with considerably enhanced reaction rate (1.5–3 h) through the formation of Pd–biscarbene complexes and stabilized clusters of zero-valent Pd nanoparticles in ionic liquids under ultrasonic irradiation.
Ultrasound promoted C–C bond formation: Heck reaction at ambient conditions in room temperature ionic liquids
R. R. Deshmukh, R. Rajagopal and K. V. Srinivasan, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1544 DOI: 10.1039/B104532F
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