A review on microplastics: sources, environmental fate, degradation pathways, and analytical identification methods

Kavitha Kamalasekaran and Ashok K. Sundramoorthy

RSC Adv., 2026, 16, 13851
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Micro- and nanoplastics: Contamination routes of food products and critical interpretation of detection strategies

Muhammad Sohail, Zunaira Urooj, Sobia Noreen, Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig, Xing Zhang and Bingzhi Li

Science of The Total Environment, 2023, 891, 164596
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Genotoxic and neurotoxic potential of intracellular nanoplastics: A review

Claudio Casella and Santiago J. Ballaz

J of Applied Toxicology, 2024, 44, 1657
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Methods of the Investigation and Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and the Determination of Associated Compounds

M. S. Ermolin, O. N. Katasonova, Yu. N. Romanova and R. Kh. Dzhenloda

J Anal Chem, 2025, 80, 1508
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Core–Shell Au@Nanoplastics as a Quantitative Tracer to Investigate the Bioaccumulation of Nanoplastics in Freshwater Ecosystems

Shan-Fei Fu, Li-Juan Feng, Honglu Zhu, Yun Zhang, Xian-Zheng Yuan, Hua Zou and Rong-Bo Guo

Anal. Chem., 2023, 95, 12785
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Interaction of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanofragments with Autotrophic and Chemotrophic Bacteria

Alexandra Ciorîţă, Maria Suciu, Arpad Mihai Rostas, Andreea Tarţa, George Popovici, Maricel Bocăneală, Fran Nekvapil, Sergiu Gabriel Macavei, Monica Potara, Ioana Marica, Irina Kacso, Cristian Silviu Moldovan, Rareş Ionuţ Ştiufiuc, Catalin Stelian Tuta, Simona Cînta-Pânzaru and Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 10831
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Autofluorescence of Model Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics for Cell Interaction Studies

Francesca Lionetto, Maria Giulia Lionetto, Claudio Mele, Carola Esposito Corcione, Sonia Bagheri, Gayatri Udayan and Alfonso Maffezzoli

Nanomaterials, 2022, 12, 1560
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Protocol for the production of micro- and nanoplastic test materials

Luke A. Parker, Elena M. Höppener, Edward F. van Amelrooij, Sieger Henke, Ingeborg M. Kooter, Kalouda Grigoriadi, Merel G. A. Nooijens, Andrea M. Brunner and Arjen Boersma

Micropl.&Nanopl., 2023, 3
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Effect of PET Micro/Nanoplastics on Model Freshwater Zooplankton

Natan Rajtar, Małgorzata Starek, Lorenzo Vincenti, Monika Dąbrowska, Marek Romek, Rosaria Rinaldi, Francesca Lionetto and Mariusz Kepczynski

Polymers, 2025, 17, 1256
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Detection of Sub-Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles on Gold Nanoparticle-Based Substrates through Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy

Jessica Caldwell, Patricia Taladriz-Blanco, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser and Alke Petri-Fink

Nanomaterials, 2021, 11, 1149
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Production and Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoparticles

Francesca Lionetto, Carola Esposito Corcione, Aurora Rizzo and Alfonso Maffezzoli

Polymers, 2021, 13, 3745
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Current trends in theranostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer

Yazan Almasry, Fayrouz Mustafa, Mohammed Alfuwais, Sara AlNachef, Hager Mohamed, Nusaibah S. Gaber, Mohammed Imran Khan, Islam M. Saadeldin and Ahmed Yaqinuddin

Front. Oncol., 2025, 15
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Optimization of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ Nanoparticles Synthesis Exhibiting Persistent Luminescence for Nanoplastic Labelling and Imaging in Daphnia Magna

Adrian Drozdowski, Joanna Musiał, Anna Ekner‐Grzyb, Kevin Soler‐Carracedo and Tomasz Grzyb

Advanced Optical Materials, 2025, 13
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Unveiling the Environmental Characteristics of Sub-1000-nm Nanoplastics: A Comprehensive Review of the Preparation Methods for Nanoplastic Model Samples

Yimei Ding, Shuai Tang, Tao Zhang, Shengjia Ma, Huan Xu and Yaping Zhao

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2025, 59, 18391
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Preparation of Well-Defined Fluorescent Nanoplastic Particles by Confined Impinging Jet Mixing

Livius F. Muff, Sandor Balog, Jozef Adamcik, Christoph Weder and Roman Lehner

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2023, 57, 17201
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Correlative Light, Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Workflow To Detect and Observe Microplastic Interactions with Whole Jellyfish

Jessica Caldwell, Céline Loussert-Fonta, Gaëlle Toullec, Niclas Heidelberg Lyndby, Beat Haenni, Patricia Taladriz-Blanco, Begoña Espiña, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser and Alke Petri-Fink

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2023, 57, 6664
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Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics cause oxidative stress induced cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nur Kaluç, E. Lal Çötelli, Salih Tuncay and Pınar B. Thomas

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2024, 59, 180
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Advanced photocatalytic materials for micro/nanoplastic degradation: A comprehensive review

Madhulika Dutta, Sumit Kumar, Rajasekhar Bhimireddi, Madhulata Shukla, Anil Ramesh Koparkar, Krishna Prasad Sharma, Rajender S. Varma, Ravi Gupta, Rajeev Kumar and Laxman Singh

Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces, 2026, 4, 152
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Detection of submicron- and nanoplastics spiked in environmental fresh- and saltwater with Raman spectroscopy

Jessica Caldwell, Laura Rodriguez-Lorenzo, Begoña Espiña, Aaron Beck, Friederike Stock, Kathrin Voges, Katsia Pabortsava, Christopher Feltham, Alice Horton, Richard Lampitt, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, Patricia Taladriz-Blanco and Alke Petri-Fink

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024, 203, 116468
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Fluorescent nanoplastics: What steps are needed towards a representative toolkit?

Karen van den Akker, Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Joren M. Dorresteijn, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Bert M. Weckhuysen and Florian Meirer

Micropl.&Nanopl., 2025, 6
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Nanoplastics in aquatic environments: Origin, separation and characterization: Review

Dušan Milojkov, Angelina Mitrović, Danijela Smiljanić, Gvozden Jovanović and Miroslav Sokić

Tehnika, 2023, 78, 103
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Microplastics are everywhere — but are they harmful?

XiaoZhi Lim

Nature, 2021, 593, 22
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Fluorescent Polypropylene Nanoplastics for Studying Uptake, Biodistribution, and Excretion in Zebrafish Embryos

Wang Sik Lee, Hyunjung Kim, Yugyeong Sim, Taejoon Kang and Jinyoung Jeong

ACS Omega, 2022, 7, 2467
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Eco-Friendly fabrication of nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates

Andri Rusli, Mikael S. Hedenqvist, Haiyan Yin, Zhaoxuan Feng, Baicang Liu and Xin-Feng Wei

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 495, 153615
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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the detection of microplastics

L. Mikac, I. Rigó, L. Himics, A. Tolić, M. Ivanda and M. Veres

Applied Surface Science, 2023, 608, 155239
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Testing laboratory protocols for micro- and nano-PET particles preparation by bottom-up chemical and top-down physical methods and implications for environmental studies

Eliška Kameníková, Adéla Hrušková, Cristian Udrea, Mihaela Bojan, Jakub Palovčík, Tomáš Solný, Lucie Šudomová, Lucy Vojtová, Martin Brtnický and Jiří Kučerík

Environ Monit Assess, 2025, 197
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Labelling of micro- and nanoplastics for environmental studies: state-of-the-art and future challenges

Yin Liu, Jie Li, Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy, Richard Hoogenboom, Andre Skirtach and Stefaan De Neve

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 462, 132785
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Formation, behavior, properties and impact of micro- and nanoplastics on agricultural soil ecosystems (A Review)

Anton F. Astner, Alexis B. Gillmore, Yingxue Yu, Markus Flury, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Sean M. Schaeffer and Douglas G. Hayes

NanoImpact, 2023, 31, 100474
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Comparisons of 3D printed materials for biomedical imaging applications

Mitchell A. Gabalski, Kylie R. Smith, Jeremy Hix and Kurt R. Zinn

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023, 24
DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2273803