Infrared bands of neutral gas-phase carbon clusters in a broad spectral range

Abstract

The identification of species in the interstellar medium requires precise and molecule-specific spectroscopic information in the laboratory framework, in broad spectral ranges and under conditions relevant to interstellar environments. In this work, we measure the gas-phase infrared spectra of neutral carbon clusters, C_N (N = 6–11), in a molecular beam. The C_N distribution is formed by photofragmentation of C₆₀ molecules, concurrently showing a top-down formation mechanism. A broad spectral range in the infrared between 500–3200 cm⁻¹ (20–3.125 μm) is investigated. We observe strong bands between 5 and 6 μm, in conjunction with novel features in the 3 μm region. Density functional theory calculations reveal that these short wavelength modes correspond to combination bands with significant infrared intensity. Moreover, we identify the N ≤ 10 clusters as linear, while C₁₁ adopts a ring configuration, placing the linear-to-ring transition at N = 11 under our molecular beam conditions. The linearity of C₁₀ is discussed based on the formation pathway from larger clusters in energetic conditions. Given the vast and very precise infrared information already been released from the James Webb Space Telescope mission, this infrared spectroscopic data set in conjunction with information on formation mechanisms is of major relevance for identifying neutral carbon clusters in astronomical environments.