Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Andrea C. Ferrari; Francesco Bonaccorso; Vladimir Fal'ko; Konstantin S. Novoselov; Stephan Roche; Peter Bøggild; Stefano Borini; Frank H. L. Koppens; Vincenzo Palermo; Nicola Pugno; José A. Garrido; Roman Sordan; Alberto Bianco; Laura Ballerini; Maurizio Prato; Elefterios Lidorikis; Jani Kivioja; Claudio Marinelli; Tapani Ryhänen; Alberto Morpurgo; Jonathan N. Coleman; Valeria Nicolosi; Luigi Colombo; Albert Fert; Mar Garcia-Hernandez; Adrian Bachtold; Grégory F. Schneider; Francisco Guinea; Cees Dekker; Matteo Barbone; Zhipei Sun; Costas Galiotis; Alexander N. Grigorenko; Gerasimos Konstantatos; Andras Kis; Mikhail Katsnelson; Lieven Vandersypen; Annick Loiseau; Vittorio Morandi; Daniel Neumaier; Emanuele Treossi; Vittorio Pellegrini; Marco Polini; Alessandro Tredicucci; Gareth M. Williams; Byung Hee Hong; Jong-Hyun Ahn; Jong Min Kim; Herbert Zirath; Bart J. van Wees; Herre van der Zant; Luigi Occhipinti; Andrea Di Matteo; Ian A. Kinloch; Thomas Seyller; Etienne Quesnel; Xinliang Feng; Ken Teo; Nalin Rupesinghe; Pertti Hakonen; Simon R. T. Neil; Quentin Tannock; Tomas Löfwander; Jari Kinaret

doi:10.1039/C4NR01600A

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Andrea C. Ferrari,*^a Francesco Bonaccorso,^ab Vladimir Fal'ko,^c Konstantin S. Novoselov,^d Stephan Roche,^ef Peter Bøggild,^g Stefano Borini,^h Frank H. L. Koppens,ⁱ Vincenzo Palermo,^j Nicola Pugno,^klm José A. Garrido,ⁿ Roman Sordan,^o Alberto Bianco,^p Laura Ballerini,^q Maurizio Prato,^r Elefterios Lidorikis,^s Jani Kivioja,^h Claudio Marinelli,^t Tapani Ryhänen,^h Alberto Morpurgo,^u Jonathan N. Coleman,^vw Valeria Nicolosi,^vwx Luigi Colombo,^y Albert Fert,^zaa Mar Garcia-Hernandez,^ab Adrian Bachtold,ⁱ Grégory F. Schneider,^ac Francisco Guinea,^ab Cees Dekker,^ad Matteo Barbone,^a Zhipei Sun,^a Costas Galiotis,^aeaf Alexander N. Grigorenko,^d Gerasimos Konstantatos,ⁱ Andras Kis,^ag Mikhail Katsnelson,^ah Lieven Vandersypen,^ad Annick Loiseau,^ai Vittorio Morandi,^aj Daniel Neumaier,^ak Emanuele Treossi,^j Vittorio Pellegrini,^bal Marco Polini,^al Alessandro Tredicucci,^al Gareth M. Williams,^am Byung Hee Hong,^an Jong-Hyun Ahn,^ao Jong Min Kim,^ap Herbert Zirath,^aq Bart J. van Wees,^ar Herre van der Zant,^ad Luigi Occhipinti,^as Andrea Di Matteo,^as Ian A. Kinloch,^at Thomas Seyller,^au Etienne Quesnel,^av Xinliang Feng,^aw Ken Teo,^ax Nalin Rupesinghe,^ax Pertti Hakonen,^ay Simon R. T. Neil,^az Quentin Tannock,^az Tomas Löfwander^aq and Jari Kinaret^ba

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
E-mail: acf26@eng.cam.ac.uk

^b Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Genova, Italy

^c Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

^d School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

^e ICN2-Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

^f Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

^g Centre for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

^h Nokia Technologies, Broers Building, Cambridge, UK

ⁱ Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain

^j CNR-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Bologna, Italy

^k Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy

^l Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy

^m School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

ⁿ Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany

^o L-NESS, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Como, Italy

^p CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France

^q Centre for Neuroscience (BRAIN) and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

^r Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

^s Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

^t Applied Graphene Materials, The Wilton Centre, Redcar, Cleveland, UK

^u Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

^v School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin, D2 Dublin, Ireland

^w Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College, Dublin, D2 Dublin, Ireland

^x School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin, D2 Dublin, Ireland

^y Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, TX, USA

^z Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Palaiseau, France

^aa Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

^ab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain

^ac Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands

^ad Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

^ae Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT/FORTH), Rio, Greece

^af Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, Greece

^ag Electrical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

^ah Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

^ai Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures (LEM), ONERA-CNRS, Chatillon, France

^aj CNR-Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi, Bologna, Italy

^ak Advanced Microelectronic Centre Aachen, AMO GmbH, Aachen, Germany

^al NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy

^am Airbus UK Ltd, Broughton, UK

^an Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

^ao School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

^ap Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

^aq Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

^ar Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

^as STMicroelectronics, Arzano (Naples), Italy

^at Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

^au Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany

^av Institut LITEN, CEA LITEN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France

^aw Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany

^ax Aixtron Ltd., Cambridge, UK

^ay Aalto University, Finland

^az CambridgeIP, Cambridge, UK

^ba Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

This article is part of the themed collections: Graphene Turns 15: Bio-implications and Bio-applications and Nanoscale 10th Anniversary: Top Cited Articles

Nanoscale

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

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