Gold trifluoromethyl complexes

Abstract

This article reviews the synthesis, reactivity and applications of gold trifluoromethyl complexes, which are the only isolated perfluoroalkyl complexes of gold. The most reported examples are neutral Au(I) complexes of the type [Au(CF₃)L], whereas only two Au(II) trifluoromethyl complexes have been reported, both being diamagnetic and containing a strong Au–Au bond. A number of Au(III) trifluoromethyl complexes have been prepared by oxidative addition of halogens or iodotrifluoromethane to Au(I) complexes or, in a few cases, by transmetallation reactions. Owing to the limitations of the available synthetic methods, a lower number of examples is known, particularly for the oxidation states (II) and (III). Gold trifluoromethyl complexes present singular characteristics, such as thermal stability, strong Au–C bonds and, in some cases, reactive α-C–F bonds. Some of the Au(III) complexes reported, show unusually easy reductive elimination reactions of trifluoromethylated products which could be applied in the development of gold-catalyzed processes for the trifluoromethylation of organic compounds.